Chapter 1, Problem 12A

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Scientists make repeated observations of phenomena to see the occurred changes, an observation the same as a theory, a hypothesis the same as a theory, a set of hypotheses become a theory should be discussed.

Concept Introduction: Chemistry is a fundamental science that investigates and studies molecules. In chemistry, the scientific method is a systematic way of collecting evidence to support theories/ concepts.In scientific disciplines, the term “model”, “experiment”, “observation”, “theory” and “law” holds different meanings of phenomena.

Answer to Problem 12A

Scientists make repeated observations of phenomena to see the occurred changes. No, observation is not the same as a theory because observations are what chemist notes when collecting data. No, the hypothesis is also not the same as a theory. When a hypothesis is proven true, it becomes a theory.

Explanation of Solution

To see the occurred changes, scientists make repeated observations of phenomena. Each and every experiment will produce a new observation.

No, observation is not the same as a theory. Observations are what a person (or chemist) makes collecting data and theory is a group of connected ideas or concepts intended to describe something. After observations are completed, based on those observations, a hypothesis is created and then experiments are conducted. An experiment is a way to test a hypothesis; where the hypothesis is a testable, tentative explanation for observations.

No, the hypothesis is not the same as a theory. The hypothesis is a specific, testable prediction. It elaborates, in concrete terms, what a person (or chemist) expects will happen in a certain circumstance. If the hypothesis turns out to be true, based on the experiments, the hypothesis can become a theory.

Conclusion

Scientists make repeated observations of phenomena to see the occurred changes to see the occurred changes. No, an observation is not the same as a theory. No, a hypothesisis not the same as a theory.