Chapter 1, Problem 11A

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Whether the given statement is quantitative observation or qualitative observation needs to be determined.

Concept introduction: Chemistry is a fundamental science that investigates and studies molecules. In chemistry, the scientific method is a systematic way of collecting evidence to support theories/ concepts. In scientific disciplines, the term “model”, “experiment”, “observation”, “theory” and “law” holds different meanings of phenomena.

Answer to Problem 11A

Quantitative data

Explanation of Solution

Quantitative data refers to how much component is given in a sample. For example, 0.102 M NaCl solution. Quantitative data are expressed in numbers. They are measures of counts or values. It can be used to ask "how much" or "how many," questions after decisive information.There are various methods that are used to quantify the data. Quantitative data are often analyzed by physical or chemical procedures.

Qualitative data is difficult to define. It is difficult to measure. It cannot be expressed numerically. For example, color, precipitation, odor, reactivity, etc.Qualitative data may be indicated by a number code, symbol, or name. They are measures of types. It can be used to ask "why" or “what,” questions after decisive information.Qualitative data is used to identify the presence of any compound and element.Qualitative data can be analyzed by chemical techniques, like, flame test, chromatography, distillation, precipitation, extraction, etc.

In the given statement, my wallet size is $31$ inches, $31$ is a number and also, this is ameasure of counts or values. So, according to the conditions of Quantitative and Qualitative data the given statement is Quantitative data.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Whether the given statement is quantitative observation or qualitative observation needs to be determined.

Concept introduction: Chemistry is a fundamental science that investigates and studies molecules. In chemistry, the scientific method is a systematic way of collecting evidence to support theories/ concepts. In scientific disciplines, the term “model”, “experiment”, “observation”, “theory” and “law” holds different meanings of phenomena.

Answer to Problem 11A

Qualitative data

Explanation of Solution

Quantitative data refers to how much component is given in a sample. For example, 0.102 M NaCl solution. Quantitative data are expressed in numbers. They are measures of counts or values. It can be used to ask "how much" or "how many," questions after decisive information. There are various methods that are used to quantify the data. Quantitative data are often analyzed by physical or chemical procedures.

Qualitative data is difficult to define. It is difficult to measure. It cannot be expressed numerically. For example, color, precipitation, odor, reactivity, etc. Qualitative data may be indicated by a number code, symbol, or name. They are measures of types. It can be used to ask "why" or “what,” questions after decisive information. Qualitative data is used to identify the presence of any compound and element. Qualitative data can be analyzed by chemical techniques, like, flame test, chromatography, distillation, precipitation, extraction, etc.

In the given statement, my eyes are blue, is a measure of types. So, according to the conditions of Quantitative and Qualitative data the given statement is Qualitative data.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Whether the given statement is quantitative observation or qualitative observation needs to be determined.

Concept introduction: Chemistry is a fundamental science that investigates and studies molecules. In chemistry, the scientific method is a systematic way of collecting evidence to support theories/ concepts. In scientific disciplines, the term “model”, “experiment”, “observation”, “theory” and “law” holds different meanings of phenomena.

Answer to Problem 11A

Quantitative data

Explanation of Solution

Quantitative data refers to how much component is given in a sample. For example, 0.102 M NaCl solution. Quantitative data are expressed in numbers. They are measures of counts or values. It can be used to ask "how much" or "how many," questions after decisive information. There are various methods that are used to quantify the data. Quantitative data are often analyzed by physical or chemical procedures.

Qualitative data is difficult to define. It is difficult to measure. It cannot be expressed numerically. For example, color, precipitation, odor, reactivity, etc. Qualitative data may be indicated by a number code, symbol, or name. They are measures of types. It can be used to ask "why" or “what,” questions after decisive information. Qualitative data is used to identify the presence of any compound and element. Qualitative data can be analyzed by chemical techniques, like, flame test, chromatography, distillation, precipitation, extraction, etc.

In the given statement, my right index finger is $1/4$ inch longer than my left, $1/4$ is a number and also, this is a measure of counts or values. So, according to the conditions of Quantitative and Qualitative data the given statement is Quantitative data.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Whether the given statement is quantitative observation or qualitative observation needs to be determined.

Concept introduction: Chemistry is a fundamental science that investigates and studies molecules. In chemistry, the scientific method is a systematic way of collecting evidence to support theories/ concepts. In scientific disciplines, the term “model”, “experiment”, “observation”, “theory” and “law” holds different meanings of phenomena.

Answer to Problem 11A

Qualitative data

Explanation of Solution

Quantitative data refers to how much component is given in a sample. For example, 0.102 M NaCl solution. Quantitative data are expressed in numbers. They are measures of counts or values. It can be used to ask "how much" or "how many," questions after decisive information. There are various methods that are used to quantify the data. Quantitative data are often analyzed by physical or chemical procedures.

Qualitative data is difficult to define. It is difficult to measure. It cannot be expressed numerically. For example, color, precipitation, odor, reactivity, etc. Qualitative data may be indicated by a number code, symbol, or name. They are measures of types. It can be used to ask "why" or “what,” questions after decisive information. Qualitative data is used to identify the presence of any compound and element. Qualitative data can be analyzed by chemical techniques, like, flame test, chromatography, distillation, precipitation, extraction, etc.

In the given statement, the leaves of most trees are green in summer, is a measure of types. So, according to the conditions of Quantitative and Qualitative data the given statement is Qualitative data.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Whether the given statement is quantitative observation or qualitative observation needs to be determined.

Concept introduction: Chemistry is a fundamental science that investigates and studies molecules. In chemistry, the scientific method is a systematic way of collecting evidence to support theories/ concepts. In scientific disciplines, the term “model”, “experiment”, “observation”, “theory” and “law” holds different meanings of phenomena.

Answer to Problem 11A

Quantitative data

Explanation of Solution

Quantitative data refers to how much component is given in a sample. For example, 0.102 M NaCl solution. Quantitative data are expressed in numbers. They are measures of counts or values. It can be used to ask "how much" or "how many," questions after decisive information. There are various methods that are used to quantify the data. Quantitative data are often analyzed by physical or chemical procedures.

Qualitative data is difficult to define. It is difficult to measure. It cannot be expressed numerically. For example, color, precipitation, odor, reactivity, etc. Qualitative data may be indicated by a number code, symbol, or name. They are measures of types. It can be used to ask "why" or “what,” questions after decisive information. Qualitative data is used to identify the presence of any compound and element. Qualitative data can be analyzed by chemical techniques, like, flame test, chromatography, distillation, precipitation, extraction, etc.

In the given statement, an apple is more than $95\%$ water, $95\%$ is a number and also, this is a measure of counts or values. So, according to the conditions of Quantitative and Qualitative data the given statement is Quantitative data.

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Whether the given statement is quantitative observation or qualitative observation needs to be determined.

Concept introduction: Chemistry is a fundamental science that investigates and studies molecules. In chemistry, the scientific method is a systematic way of collecting evidence to support theories/ concepts. In scientific disciplines, the term “model”, “experiment”, “observation”, “theory” and “law” holds different meanings of phenomena.

Answer to Problem 11A

Qualitative data

Explanation of Solution

Quantitative data refers to how much component is given in a sample. For example, 0.102 M NaCl solution. Quantitative data are expressed in numbers. They are measures of counts or values. It can be used to ask "how much" or "how many," questions after decisive information. There are various methods that are used to quantify the data. Quantitative data are often analyzed by physical or chemical procedures.

Qualitative data is difficult to define. It is difficult to measure. It cannot be expressed numerically. For example, color, precipitation, odor, reactivity, etc. Qualitative data may be indicated by a number code, symbol, or name. They are measures of types. It can be used to ask "why" or “what,” questions after decisive information. Qualitative data is used to identify the presence of any compound and element. Qualitative data can be analyzed by chemical techniques, like, flame test, chromatography, distillation, precipitation, extraction, etc.

In the given statement, chemistry is an easy subject, is a measure of types. So, according to the conditions of Quantitative and Qualitative data the given statement is Qualitative data.

(g)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Whether the given statement is quantitative observation or qualitative observation needs to be determined.

Concept introduction: Chemistry is a fundamental science that investigates and studies molecules. In chemistry, the scientific method is a systematic way of collecting evidence to support theories/ concepts. In scientific disciplines, the term “model”, “experiment”, “observation”, “theory” and “law” holds different meanings of phenomena.

Answer to Problem 11A

Quantitative data

Explanation of Solution

Quantitative data refers to how much component is given in a sample. For example, 0.102 M NaCl solution. Quantitative data are expressed in numbers. They are measures of counts or values. It can be used to ask "how much" or "how many," questions after decisive information. There are various methods that are used to quantify the data. Quantitative data are often analyzed by physical or chemical procedures.

Qualitative data is difficult to define. It is difficult to measure. It cannot be expressed numerically. For example, color, precipitation, odor, reactivity, etc. Qualitative data may be indicated by a number code, symbol, or name. They are measures of types. It can be used to ask "why" or “what,” questions after decisive information. Qualitative data is used to identify the presence of any compound and element. Qualitative data can be analyzed by chemical techniques, like, flame test, chromatography, distillation, precipitation, extraction, etc.

In the given statement, my score on the last chemistry exam was $90\%$ , $90\%$ is a number and also, this is a measure of counts or values. So, according to the conditions of Quantitative and Qualitative data the given statement is Quantitative data.