Nutrition: Concepts and Controversies
14th Edition
ISBN: 9781305886865
Author: Sizer, Frances , WHITNEY, Ellie
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Textbook Question
Chapter 1, Problem 11SC
Studies of populations in which observation is accompanied by experimental manipulation of some population members are referred to as
a. case studies
b. intervention studies
c. laboratory studies
d. epidemiological studies
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At the beginning of a period of observation, those members of the population who are "capable of" developing a disease or condition are known as
a.
Population at risk
b.
Preexisting cases
c.
Prevalent cases
d.
Incident cases
Which of the following is not considered a direct use or application of epidemiology?
a.
To study the effectiveness of health services in the community
b.
To diagnose the causes, risk factors and distributions of disease and other health outcomes within a community
c.
To provide healthcare services to specific individuals and communities
d.
To help formulate public policies for the improvement of collective health and wellbeing
All of the following are epidemiological study designs are "observational" in nature, except
a.
Ecological studies
b.
Descriptive studies
c.
Randomized controlled trials
d.
Prospective cohort studies
Chapter 1 Solutions
Nutrition: Concepts and Controversies
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, health-nutrition and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Which of the following statements is true? a. Case reports and case series are not useful as scientific evidence b. Experimental studies, such as randomized controlled trials, are mandatory to confirm associations between a risk factor and a disease c. Case reports and case series can provide clues to a new/emerging health condition d. Case-reports and case-series are based solely on the opinions of the investigatorarrow_forwardAll of the following are observational epidemiological studies, except a. Descriptive study b. Randomized controlled trial c. Case-control study d. Cross-sectional study e. Cohort study f. Ecological studyarrow_forwardIn the context of a case control study, matching can help you: a. Eliminate random error b. Ensure a large sample size c. Ensure comparability between cases and controls d. Study the factors you match on as potential exposuresarrow_forward
- Which of the following statements about the role of epidemiology in health policy is the most appropriate? a. Epidemiology contributes to the development of evidence-based health policies b. Evidence from experimental epidemiological studies is mandatory to advocate for a health policy c. Once a health policy has been implemented, epidemiology helps in evaluating its effectiveness d. Both a and c are correct e. Both a and b are correct f. All the options are correctarrow_forwardIn the context of a case-control study, a pro of recruiting incident cases rather than prevalent cases is: a. Incidence is easier to assess than prevalence b. Incidence provides a measure of the burden of disease at one “snapshot” in time c. Using incident cases allows researchers to account for case-deaths that would not be evident if only prevalent cases were considered d. None of the abovearrow_forward- Case-control studies allow the investigator to examine only one outcome at a time, but they permit examination of several different exposures at a time. Select a disease or other health outcome with which you are familiar and see how many potential exposures you can identify.arrow_forward
- Describe the difference between a prevalence-based and an incidence-based cost-of-illness study. A. Prevalence-based studies are useful for budgeting purposes and includes the cost of existing cases and new cases B. Incidence-based studies only consider the costs for new cases during the year C. When completing an explanatory model both are appropriate because there is no difference when it comes to costs, outcomes and cost projections D. All of the above E. A and B onlyarrow_forwardWhich of the following scenarios is the least likely to result in a decrease in disease prevalence in a specific population? (assume that there is no migration into or from the population) a. Emergence of a new curative treatment, while incidence remains the same as before b. A more relaxed case definition for the disease, while survival and cure rates remain the same as before c. A worsening of disease reporting standards leading to underreporting of cases, while survival and cure rates remains the same as before d. Higher mortality from the disease, while incidence remains the same as beforearrow_forwardWhich of the following is generally considered to be the ideal public health intervention? A.Disease surveillance B.Policy change C.Health education D.Health campaignsarrow_forward
- Why is it important and crucial for investigators to examine incidence density rather than cumulative incidence of intravenous drug use (IDU) in the studies that followed non-ID users over time? A. Incidence density increases with a greater follow-up period B. Incidence density is a better measure for a uniform follow-up period C. Incidence density is a rate, and, hence, accounts for different follow-up periods D. None of the abovearrow_forwardIn dental, CDC recommends that at least one person on the dental staff is assigned to be responsible for a. Monitoring infection control compliance among staff b. Ensuring all personnel are properly vaccinated c. Coordinating the infection control program d. Overseeing all instrument processing protocolarrow_forwardEpidemiologist A: It is possible that substance use is a cause of psychological stress. Epidemiologist B: It is possible that psychological stress causes substance use. To know which of the two epidemiologists, or whether both of them, are correct, it is important to know whether study participants started using substances before their stress levels were above normal, or whether high stress levels were detected after they had used substances for a few weeks. This relates to _________________ of association a. temporality b. specificity c. biological plausibility d. strengtharrow_forward
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