Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
For the given cycloalkane, cis‑trans isomerism is possible or not has to be determined and if it is possible, the structural formula has to be drawn.
Concept Introduction:
Organic compounds are represented shortly by the molecular formula and structural formula. Each and every compound has its own molecular formula. Compounds can have same molecular formula but not same structural formula.
Isomers are the compounds that have same molecular formula but different structural formula. The main difference lies in the way the atoms are arranged in the structure. Isomers have different chemical and physical properties even when they have same molecular formula. This is known as Isomerism.
If there is difference only in the connectivity of the atoms in the molecule, then it is known as constitutional isomerism. The isomers are known as constitutional isomers. They will have same molecular formula and same
For constitutional isomers to be present in cycloalkane, a minimum of four carbon atoms has to be present.
Cycloalkanes can also exhibit stereoisomerism. The difference between constitutional isomerism and stereoisomerism is that, the result of difference in connectivity of carbon atoms is known as constitutional isomerism and the result of differences in configuration is known as stereoisomerism. Stereoisomers are compounds that possess same molecular formula and connectivity of atoms but different orientations of atoms in space. Cis isomers are the one where the two substituted groups on different carbon atom are present above or below the plane or the ring of carbon atoms. Trans isomers are the one where the two substituted groups on different carbon atom are present one above and one below the plane or the ring of carbon atoms.
(b)
Interpretation:
For the given cycloalkane, cis‑trans isomerism is possible or not has to be determined and if it is possible, the structural formula has to be drawn.
Concept Introduction:
Organic compounds are represented shortly by the molecular formula and structural formula. Each and every compound has its own molecular formula. Compounds can have same molecular formula but not same structural formula.
Isomers are the compounds that have same molecular formula but different structural formula. The main difference lies in the way the atoms are arranged in the structure. Isomers have different chemical and physical properties even when they have same molecular formula. This is known as Isomerism.
If there is difference only in the connectivity of the atoms in the molecule, then it is known as constitutional isomerism. The isomers are known as constitutional isomers. They will have same molecular formula and same functional group, but they differ in the connectivity between the atoms in the molecule.
For constitutional isomers to be present in cycloalkane, a minimum of four carbon atoms has to be present.
Cycloalkanes can also exhibit stereoisomerism. The difference between constitutional isomerism and stereoisomerism is that, the result of difference in connectivity of carbon atoms is known as constitutional isomerism and the result of differences in configuration is known as stereoisomerism. Stereoisomers are compounds that possess same molecular formula and connectivity of atoms but different orientations of atoms in space. Cis isomers are the one where the two substituted groups on different carbon atom are present above or below the plane or the ring of carbon atoms. Trans isomers are the one where the two substituted groups on different carbon atom are present one above and one below the plane or the ring of carbon atoms.
(c)
Interpretation:
For the given cycloalkane, cis‑trans isomerism is possible or not has to be determined and if it is possible, the structural formula has to be drawn.
Concept Introduction:
Organic compounds are represented shortly by the molecular formula and structural formula. Each and every compound has its own molecular formula. Compounds can have same molecular formula but not same structural formula.
Isomers are the compounds that have same molecular formula but different structural formula. The main difference lies in the way the atoms are arranged in the structure. Isomers have different chemical and physical properties even when they have same molecular formula. This is known as Isomerism.
If there is difference only in the connectivity of the atoms in the molecule, then it is known as constitutional isomerism. The isomers are known as constitutional isomers. They will have same molecular formula and same functional group, but they differ in the connectivity between the atoms in the molecule.
For constitutional isomers to be present in cycloalkane, a minimum of four carbon atoms has to be present.
Cycloalkanes can also exhibit stereoisomerism. The difference between constitutional isomerism and stereoisomerism is that, the result of difference in connectivity of carbon atoms is known as constitutional isomerism and the result of differences in configuration is known as stereoisomerism. Stereoisomers are compounds that possess same molecular formula and connectivity of atoms but different orientations of atoms in space. Cis isomers are the one where the two substituted groups on different carbon atom are present above or below the plane or the ring of carbon atoms. Trans isomers are the one where the two substituted groups on different carbon atom are present one above and one below the plane or the ring of carbon atoms.
(d)
Interpretation:
For the given cycloalkane, cis‑trans isomerism is possible or not has to be determined and if it is possible, the structural formula has to be drawn.
Concept Introduction:
Organic compounds are represented shortly by the molecular formula and structural formula. Each and every compound has its own molecular formula. Compounds can have same molecular formula but not same structural formula.
Isomers are the compounds that have same molecular formula but different structural formula. The main difference lies in the way the atoms are arranged in the structure. Isomers have different chemical and physical properties even when they have same molecular formula. This is known as Isomerism.
If there is difference only in the connectivity of the atoms in the molecule, then it is known as constitutional isomerism. The isomers are known as constitutional isomers. They will have same molecular formula and same functional group, but they differ in the connectivity between the atoms in the molecule.
For constitutional isomers to be present in cycloalkane, a minimum of four carbon atoms has to be present.
Cycloalkanes can also exhibit stereoisomerism. The difference between constitutional isomerism and stereoisomerism is that, the result of difference in connectivity of carbon atoms is known as constitutional isomerism and the result of differences in configuration is known as stereoisomerism. Stereoisomers are compounds that possess same molecular formula and connectivity of atoms but different orientations of atoms in space. Cis isomers are the one where the two substituted groups on different carbon atom are present above or below the plane or the ring of carbon atoms. Trans isomers are the one where the two substituted groups on different carbon atom are present one above and one below the plane or the ring of carbon atoms.
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Chapter 1 Solutions
EBK ORGANIC AND BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY
- Q10: (a) Propose a synthesis of C from A. (b) Propose a synthesis of C from B. Br Br ...\SCH 3 A B Carrow_forward9: Complete the missing entities for following reactions (e.g., major product(s), reactants, and/or solvents) for the SN2 reactions to occur efficiently. Include curved-arrow mechanism for reactions a) to d).arrow_forwardComplete the missing entities for following reactions (e.g., major product(s), reactants, and/or solvents) for the SN2 reactions to occur efficiently. Include curved-arrow mechanism for reactions a) to d).arrow_forward
- QUESTION 3: Provide the synthetic steps that convert the starting material into the product (no mechanism required). HO OH NH CH3 multiple steps 요요 H3Carrow_forwardQ6: Predict the effect of the changes given on the rate of the reaction below. CH3OH CH3Cl + NaOCH3 → CH3OCH3 + NaCl a) Change the substrate from CH3CI to CH31: b) Change the nucleophile from NaOCH 3 to NaSCH3: c) Change the substrate from CH3CI to (CH3)2CHCI: d) Change the solvent from CH3OH to DMSO.arrow_forwardQ3: Arrange each group of compounds from fastest SN2 reaction rate to slowest SN2 reaction rate. a) CI Cl فيكم H3C-Cl A B C D Br Br b) A B C Br H3C-Br Darrow_forward
- Q2: Group these solvents into either protic solvents or aprotic solvents. Acetonitrile (CH3CN), H₂O, Acetic acid (CH3COOH), Acetone (CH3COCH3), CH3CH2OH, DMSO (CH3SOCH3), DMF (HCON(CH3)2), CH3OHarrow_forwardSuppose the rate of evaporation in a hot, dry region is 1.76 meters per year, and the seawater there has a salinity of 35 ‰. Assuming a 93% yield, how much salt (NaCl) can be harvested each year from 1 km2 of solar evaporation ponds that use this seawater as a source?arrow_forwardhelparrow_forward
- Explain why only the lone pairs on the central atom are taken into consideration when predicting molecular shapearrow_forward(ME EX1) Prblm #9/10 Can you explain in detail (step by step) I'm so confused with these problems. For turmber 13 can u turn them into lewis dot structures so I can better understand because, and then as well explain the resonance structure part. Thanks for the help.arrow_forwardProblems 19 and 20: (ME EX1) Can you please explain the following in detail? I'm having trouble understanding them. Both problems are difficult for me to explain in detail, so please include the drawings and answers.arrow_forward
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