You wish to determine whether a probiotic pill protects individuals against food-borne illnesses, explain how you would develop hypothetical, observational prospective cohort study to see if this is true?
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You wish to determine whether a probiotic pill protects individuals against food-borne illnesses, explain how you would develop hypothetical, observational prospective cohort study to see if this is true?
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- The following is an example of what kind of study? Participants are recruited based on exposure status as ascertained through historical records (medical records or other records from the past), disease status is determined after recruitment, and risk of disease among the exposed is then compared with risk in the unexposed. a) Ecological study b) cross-sectional study c) case control study d) cohort study e) randomized control trialDetermine wheter a probiotic pill protects against food-borne illnesses,how would you develop a hypothetical ,observational prospective cohort study to see if this is true.Note there are no cells on this panel that have a double dose (homozygous) of the K antigen. Which of the following statements is true regarding the K+k- phenotype? Question 6 options: A) The phenotype is rare due to the high prevalence of the k antigen in the population. B) The phenotype is uncommon but does occur in about 10% of the population. C) The phenotype occurs in about 50% of the population. D) Although the phenotype is not represented on this antibody panel, it is fairly common in the population.
- You are an epidemiologist who hypothesizes that the rare exposure of living close to power lines by expectant mothers during pregnancy is a potential cause of premature birth, a relatively common pregnancy outcome. (Exposure = “close to power lines”; Outcome = “premature birth”). A _____ design would be best suited for this scenario, because _____. a)A cohort study; it is suited to rare exposures, short periods of follow-up and common outcomes b)A case-control study; it is suited to rare exposures, short periods of follow-up and common outcomes c)A cohort study; it will allow the epidemiologist to study multiple exposures in addition to a raw-food vegan diet d)A case-control study; it is suited to studying a variety of outcomes in addition to premature birth e) None of the AboveWhen designing a study to examine the association between a plant based diet and heart disease, do you think a cohort or case-controlled study would be most suitable?In this fictitious example of a cohort study, we found that in a factory of 3,000 workers, 1,000 workers were exposed to toxic substances, and 2,000 were not. During the study period, 800 of the exposed workers developed some type of lung disease, and only 40 of the non-exposed workers developed a lung disease. C. What is the incidence of lung disease in exposed workers that can be attributed to being exposed to asbestos? Use the already rounded off answers in the previous items when computing and answer should be in whole numbers. D. What is the proportion of the total incidence of lung disease in those exposed workers that is attributable to asbestos? Use the already rounded off answers in the previous items when computing and answer should be in whole numbers.
- A cohort of 3,400 people followed for 10 years, of whom 1,600 were exposed to a chemical and another 1,800 who were not exposed. As the outcome, the incidence of cases of myeloid leukemia was measured. In the exposed group there were 100 cases and in the group without product exposure (25) cases in 10 years (prospective cohort study). a. Prepare a contingency table b. Compute and interpret the following: b.1 Cumulative incidence b.2 CI exposed and unexposed b.3 Relative risk b.4 Attributable risk b.5 Attributable risk among the exposedWhich population interaction is widely used in medical science for the production of antibiotics?As an epidemiologist you are going to investigate the effect of lead exposure in a Baltimore neighborhood and the incidence of lead poisoning and related learning difficulties in early childhood. You start your study with a cohort of 400 babies born in 2015. At baseline none of them have any symptoms of lead poisoning, but after taking environmental samples from their homes you find that 250 of them have lead paint exposure and 150 of them do not. You follow them for 10 years and keep track of incident cases of lead poisoning based on blood samples. In 2025 you end your study and report the following: 100 of the children previously exposed to lead paint in 2015 have lead poisoning and 25 of the children that were not exposed in 2015 have lead poisoning. Calculate the cumulative incidence for the exposed and unexposed group. Calculate the relative risk between lead paint exposure and lead poisoning.
- What influence does randomized allocation of treatment in an experimental study have on confounding by some factor other than the factor of interest (say age in a study of fever in infancy (the exposure) and asthma as a young child (the health outcome))? (cite at least one source)Please explain in detail, thxA research team reads a journal article about a new finding that countries with greater prevalence of infection with Virus X also had greater prevalence of brain cancer (a rare disease). The research team wants to determine whether there is an association between virus X and brain cancer by using a study design that can provide a greater quality of evidence. They decide to use their access to a large existing prospective cohort study called ALIVE that enrolled participants at birth and followed them until death. At ALIVE study entry (baseline), participants answered a survey and the study team collected blood specimens that were stored long-term in the freezer. Assume that virus x is not curable, and once an individual is infected with virus x we can always detect the virus in the blood in the future. However, assaying (measuring) the blood for virus X is very expensive. Virus X has only recently been discovered, so no participants in the ALIVE cohort have had Virus X measured yet.…