You discover a cell that uses Cu*2 as the final electron acceptor in mitochondrial electron transport (MET). Cu*2 + 2e € → Cu° E°=+0.337 V 1. A. How much free energy can be gained by oxidation of NADH in this novel MET system? Show calculations. B. You examine the structures of MET complexes I, II, III, and IV and discover that one of them is different from those found in human cells. Which complex is likely to be different? Explain.

You discover a cell that uses Cu2 as the final electron acceptor in mitochondrial electron transport (MET). Cu2 + 2e € → Cu° E°=+0.337 V 1. A. How much free energy can be gained by oxidation of NADH in this novel MET system? Show calculations. B. You examine the structures of MET complexes I, II, III, and IV and discover that one of them is different from those found in human cells. Which complex is likely to be different? Explain.

Biochemistry

9th Edition

ISBN:9781319114671

Author:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Publisher:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Chapter1: Biochemistry: An Evolving Science

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1P

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In oxidative phosphorylation.... 1. Succinate contributes 2e- to Complex II and 2H+ to the mitochondrial proton gradient. 2. NADH in the matrix passes 2 e- to coenzyme Q via Complex I. 3. Complexes I, II, III, and IV each contribute to the matrix proton gradient. 4. O2 stabilizes the catalytically active conformation of Complex V. 5. Reversible protonation of c subunits leads to rotation of the Complex V gamma subunit. 6. Each β subunit can bind ATP tightly under the right conditions. 7. For every 3 protons that pass across the inner mitochondrial membrane, 1 ATP is produced. Choose all options that are true.
7) The following questions apply to glycolysis (figure 3-41 on page 79 of the 12th edition), the Krebs cycle (figure 3-44 on page 82) and to oxidative phosphorylation (figure 3-45 on page 84). Calculate the total amount of ATP produced from one glucose molecule if: a. The oxidation of NADH + H* to NAD* + 2H* produced 4 ATP. b. The oxidation of FADH₂ to FAD + 2H* produced 1 ATP. c. Each step of the Krebs cycle that produces NADH+H* produced FADH2 instead. d. Each step of the Krebs cycle that produces FADH2 produced NADH + H+ instead. e. Sucrose is substituted for glucose.
Consider an enzyme that follows standard Michaelis-Menten kinetics and has the following kinetic constants: %3| k2 = 1.5 x 10? s1 Еo 3D 1 х 104 М = 1 x 104 M a. What is the value of the maximum rate VM? b. Prepare a hand-drawn quantitative plot on graph paper (not a simple sketch nor an EXCEL-generated graph) of the enzymatic reaction rate versus substrate concentration (like Fig 3-3) using the kinetic parameters given above. Be sure to label the axes and include numeric values on the axes. C. Based upon your hand drawn saturation plot, at what substrate concentration is the enzymatic reaction rate 75% of Vm?
GAP + Pi + NAD+ ⟹1,3-BPG + NADH (Reaction 1) 1,3-BPG + ADP ⟹ 3-PG + ATP (Reaction 2) Which of the following statements concerning the information above is true? Select all that apply. A.Reaction 2 is an example of substrate level phosphorylation B.These reactions are written in a direction that would indicate gluconeogenesis is occurring in the liver C.The linking of Reaction 1 and Reaction 2 by the intermediate 1,3-BPG is an example of coupling of reactions D.Reaction 1 shows a redox reaction where the carbon skeleton is oxidized to generate electrons for a soluble electron carrier E.These reactions are irreversible under cellular conditions
ATP is synthesized from ADP, P, and a proton on the matrix side of the in- ner mitochondrial membrane. We will refer to the matrix side as the "inside" of the inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM). (a) H* transport from the outside of the IMM into the matrix drives this process. The pH inside the matrix is 8.2, and the outside is more acidic by 0.8 pH units. Assuming the IMM membrane potential is 168 mV (inside negative), calculate AG for the transport of 1 mol of H* across the IMM into the matrix at 37 °C: Houtside) Hinside) (b) Assume three mol H* must be translocated to synthesize one mol ATP by coupling of the following reactions: ADP + P, + Hinskde) ATP + H,O(ATP synthesis) 3Hinside)(proton transport) 3Houtside)
(b) the activity of the malate-aspartate shuttle (MAS) system of isolated rat brain mitochondria suspended in an isotonic me- dium buffered to pH 7.4. Diagram A illustrates NADH fluo- rescence emission upon addition of Glutamate in the ab- sence and presence of Aspartate. Diagram B illustrates sim- ilarly NADH fluorescence emission upon addition of Gluta- mate in the presence of Aspartate followed by additions of submicromolar concentrations of Ca2+. As is well estab- lished, the MAS in brain, skeletal muscle, and cardiac mus- Diagrams A and B on the right show changes in Glu A Glu В -No Asp + 0 +0.12 -0.48 + 16 0.81 +1.8 ++ Asp 10 min 2 min cle mitochondria is activated by cytosolic concentrations of Ca2* < 3 µM. To simulate the cytosolic part of the MAS, the following reagents were added to the medium: 4 units/ml glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase, 6 units/ml malate dehydrogenase, 66 µM NADH, 5 mM aspartate, 5 mM malate, 0.5 mM ADP, 200 nM ruthenium red (to block the mitochondrial…
Aconitase catalyzes the conversion of Citrate to Isocitrate in the TCA cycle. The standard free energy change (AG°) for this reaction is +6.7 kJ/mol. The observed free energy change (AG) for the reaction in pig heart mitochondria is +0.8 kJ/mol. The ratio of [isocitrate]/[citrate] in these mitochondria is: Select an answer and submit. For keyboard navigation, use the up/down arrow keys to select an answer. a 10 b. 1 100 0.01 e f 0.33 0.10 h 0.25 i 2
What is the reaction potential for oxidation of NADH (for completely passing electrons from NADH to O2) with units? 2. What is the reaction potential for oxidation of FADH2 (from FADH2 to O2) with units? 3. Which reaction has a more negative deltaG?
You are isolating mitochondria from insect cells and incubating in a test tube with 0.005 M FADH2, 0.05 M ADP and 0.05 M Pi. Assuming, these 3 can enter mitochondria at no cost,no glucose/products of glucose metabolism remain in the isolated mitochondria, and oxygen is present. Part 1) If all expected reactions go to completion, how much ATP is expected formed? (0 M)(0.02 M) (0.03 M) (0.05 M) (0.1 M) (0.005 M) (0.01 M) (0.015 M) Part 2) The ratio of FADH2/FAD at completion of all expected reactions would be? (2) (>>2) (0) (1) Part 3) After completion of all expected reactions, ratio of H ion concentration inside vs. outside the mitochondrial inner membrane should be? (<1) (~1) (>1)(0) Please provide brief explanation
What is the fate of the radioactive label when each of the following compounds is added to a cell extract containing the enzymes and cofactors of the citric acid cycle and the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex? P.S. A detailed steps explaination would be greatly appreciated. Also, any tips on how to solve such problems if possible? Is there any particular fate that C atoms of the R group for example, have, at the end of the cycle? I usually think of drawing out each step and solving but I believe that there must be a shorter, smarter way to do it and similar questions. Thank you!
Propose structures for intermediates A and B in the scheme below. This three-step conversion is carried out by enzymes that require no redox cofactors (no FAD, NADH etc.) nor TPP. Which enzyme in the citric acid cycle has an activity most similar to enzyme 1? Which enzyme in the PPP or the citric acid cycle has an intermediate that bears similarity to intermediate B? H OH COO™ Enzl A Enz2 B Enz3 OH
The cytochromes are heme-containing proteins that function as electron carriers in the mitochondria. Calculate the difference in the reduction potential (AE°') and the change in the standard free energy (AG°) when the electron flow is from the carrier with the lower reduction potential to the higher. cytochrome c₁ (Fe³+) + e¯ = cytochrome c₁ (Fe2+) E°' = 0.22 V cytochrome c (Fe³+) + e¯ = cytochrome c (Fe²+) E°' = 0.254 V Calculate AE°' and AG°'. AE°' = AG°' = V kJ/mol