The reaction coordinate diagram shown below is for the mitochondrial enzyme ATP synthase. KJ/mol ATP Synthase YE+ADP+P E(AOP.P.) E+ATP E(ATP) Reaction Coordinate How many steps are depicted in this reaction coordinate diagram?
Q: How is the Michaelis constant defined, and what does a low or high value for Km tell you? What is…
A: Enzymes are the biocatalyst that increases the rate of the biochemical reaction by reducing the…
Q: Produce a reading log for the sections in your text that discuss the Michaelis-Menten equation,…
A: At any given instant in an enzyme catalysed reaction the enzyme exists in two forms the free…
Q: The KM for the reaction of chymotrypsin with N-acetylvaline ethyl ester is 8.8 × 10−2 M, and the KM…
A: The Michaelis-Menten equation, at some unique substrate concentration, defines the rate of catalysis…
Q: Derive the complete rate equation using the King altman method. Example is shown above the reaction…
A: Competitive Inhibition – Competes with substrate for active site. Substrate and inhibitor has…
Q: In the partial reactions shown below, is the reactant undergoing oxidation or reduction?
A: Oxidation is a process, in which electrons are removed, whereas reduction is just the opposite. In…
Q: What is an endergo reaction?
A: An endergonic reaction is a chemical reaction which requires external force of energy to carry out…
Q: The enzyme phosphoglucomutase catalyzes the conversion of glucose 1-phosphate to glucose…
A: Phosphoglucomutase is the enzyme that catalyze the interconversion between glucose 1-phosphate (G1P)…
Q: Most of the enzyme reactions followed the mathematical kinetic plots suggested by Michaelis-Menten…
A: Introduction: Those substances that increase the pace of the reactions that occurs within the living…
Q: Peptide Concentration (M) 2.5 x 104 5.0 x 104 10.0 x 104 15.0 x 104 Velocity (M/min) 2.2 x 106 5.8 x…
A: Km is the substrate concentration at half vmax.vmax is the maximum rate of reaction catalysed by…
Q: Why is the overall coupled reaction exergonic?
A: The coupled reaction like a redox reaction which is coupled or combined.
Q: Please note the following Lineweaver-Burk plot for the enzyme Virbraniumase reacting with a…
A:
Q: What is an alternate name for the Krebs Cycle?
A: Krebs cycle is a series of chemical reaction which was used to generate the energy through the…
Q: H3N*-CH H3N*–Ć-H H2 glutamate-pyruvate transaminase 0=C ČH2 ČH3 ČH2 CH2 ČH3 Alanine Pyruvate
A: Introduction: Arrow pushing keeps details of the valence electrons involved in the reaction…
Q: The equilibrium constant for the reaction Q → R is 25. Solve, (a) If 50 μM of Q is mixed with 50 μM…
A: The constant of equilibrium, K, represents the relationship between products and reactants of the…
Q: An enzyme has a single active site at which it can bind and hydrolyze either X or Y; however, the…
A: Enzymes are high molecular-weight proteins that catalyse biochemical reactions. They contain an…
Q: What is Krebs cycle? Write 2 important intermediates produced in this cycle?
A: Krebs cycle is a part of metabolic pathway in aerobic organisms. Citric acid, alpha keto glutaric…
Q: The phosphoryl group transfer potentials for glucose-1-phosphate and glucose-6-phosphate are 20.9…
A: ∆G = ∆Go' + RTln[product/reactant] where R= gas constant, T= temperature, G =Gibbs free energy At 25…
Q: What are the benefits of measuring the initial rate of a reaction V. for use in kinetic studies?…
A: Recall that the rate of a chemical reaction is dC/dt where dC is the change in the analyte…
Q: What is the likely keq for an enzyme that has a deltaG =-18.3kj/mol?
A: R = 8.314 J/K-mol R = 0.008314 kJ/K-mol Under standard conditions most enzyme have optimum activity…
Q: A research group discovers a new version of happyase, which they call happyase*, that catalyzes the…
A: Enzymes are usually protein molecules which increases the rate of biochemical reactions by…
Q: The following question focuses on how the parameters regulating enzyme function might change, and…
A: Michaelis-Menten (MM) plot and Lineweaver Burk (LB) plot are drawn to decipher the kinetic…
Q: Alcohol Dehydrogenase + NADH + NAD+ H, Ethanol Acetaldehyde
A: Alcohol Dehydrogenase is the enzyme which converts ethanol to acetaldehyde. Liver has alcohol…
Q: Part 1. Effect of pH The pH of an enzyme's environment can affect its activity by interfering with…
A: Amylase is an enzyme that works on the hydrolysis of starch and other polysaccharides. Amylase…
Q: Write the coupled reaction that would occur spontaneously for the following pairs of molecules under…
A: Citric acid cycle or Krebs Cycle is the cyclic metabolic pathway for the oxidation of various…
Q: The following question focuses on how the parameters regulating enzyme function might change, and…
A: Michaelis-Menten (MM) plot and Lineweaver Burk (LB) plot are drawn to decipher the kinetic…
Q: Derive an Equation that explains the realtionship between kE and kN with respect to the equilibrium…
A: Equation: This reaction is governed by the equilibrium constant , where: - (1)Assuming that…
Q: A particular reaction has a ΔG‡ of 37.0 kJ mol-1. In the presence of an enzyme, the same reaction…
A: The objective of this question is to calculate the change in Gibbs free energy of activation (ΔΔG‡)…
Q: Under standard conditions, will the following reaction proceed spontaneously as written?
A: A chemical process in which one substance changes into another is known as a chemical reaction. A…
Q: What would be the characteristics of a transition-state analog for the chymotrypsin reaction?
A: Introduction: Enzymes are proteins that act as a catalyst which means they increase the rate of…
Q: [Nvs], M [We], M [Luv], M [You], M 1 0.053 0.082 0.092 0.046 8.44 x 10-10 2 0.029 0.096…
A: Please mention on the top of your table which column represents Ae concentration and which column…
Q: Consider the analogy of the jiggling box containing coins that was described on page 85. The…
A: When we face a situation where rate of forward reaction is euqal to the rate of backward reaction…
Q: The following question focuses on how the parameters regulating enzyme function might change, and…
A: Michaelis-Menten (MM) plot and Lineweaver Burk (LB) plot are drawn to decipher the kinetic…
Q: Consider the following chemical equation whose delta(G) = 9kcal/mol: AC + BD ---> AB + CD what…
A: ( As per the guidelines we can answer upto 3 sub parts of 1 question; thus answered below are first…
Q: The following questions are based on the reaction A+ B ↔ C+D shown in Figure 8.1. 1. Which of the…
A: Since we are entitled to answer only first question, we’ll answer the question 1 as you have not…
Q: Calculate 1/[S] and 1/V to complete the table. Use this data to draw a Lineweaver-Burke plot, with…
A: A Lineweaver-Burk plot represents the relationship between the reciprocal values of substrate…
How many steps are depicted in this reaction coordinate diagram?
![The reaction coordinate diagram shown below is for the mitochondrial enzyme ATP synthase.
KJ/mol
ATP Synthase
E+AOP+P
E(AOP.P.)
E(ATP)
E+ATP
Reaction Coordinate
How many steps are depicted in this reaction coordinate diagram?](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2F9b558fbd-26e6-4818-8b53-7c480a77ba3e%2F0813df0c-3109-4393-9085-2b8ff7322117%2Fpa9ayxk_processed.jpeg&w=3840&q=75)
![](/static/compass_v2/shared-icons/check-mark.png)
Trending now
This is a popular solution!
Step by step
Solved in 3 steps
![Blurred answer](/static/compass_v2/solution-images/blurred-answer.jpg)
- The table shows standard reduction potentials, E., for reactions with n transferred electrons. Oxidant 02 +2H+ FAD Reductant n E. (V) H₂O 2 +0.82 FADH2 2 -0.22 Faraday's constant is 96.48 kJ mol-1 V-1. Electron transfer from NADH or FADH2 to oxygen generates a proton gradient across the mitochondrial membrane. Electrons from NADH result in more protons being pumped across to form the gradient than electrons from FADH2. Calculate the free energy change, AG", for the reduction of O2 with FADH2. Round your answer to the nearest whole number. AG° = kJ mol-1(A) What is the free energy yield associated with the transport of a proton from the mitochondrial intermembrane space (IMS) to the mitochondrial matrix, assuming that the pH of the IMS is 1.4 units lower than the pH of the matrix? (Hint: Calculate AGO' for the reaction H"IMS > H matris using the relationship AG° = RTInKeg and remembering that pH = -log1o[H*]. Assume that T = 310K (37°C), and R = 8.315x10-3 kJ mol-1 K-1. Show your work and include correct units!)Nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenase (NNT) in the inner mitochondrialmembrane catalyzes the reaction NADH + NADP+ → NAD+ + NADPH to generate the NADPH needed for certain reactions that help destroy reactive oxygen species. (a) Explain why the NNT reaction cannot be driven primarily by the diff erence in substrate reduction potentials (Δℰ). (b) In fact, the NNT reaction is driven by proton translocation across the membrane (from outside to inside). How does operation of the transhydrogenase aff ect the effi ciency of oxidative phosphorylation?
- The standard reduction potential for ubiquione (A or coenzyme Q) is .045 V, and the standard reduciton potential (E) for FAD is -0.219 V. Using these values, show that the oxidation for FADH2 by ubiquinone theoretically liberates enough energy to drive the synthesis of ATP. Faraday constant =96.48KJ/Vol delta G' standard for ATP Synthesis is +30.5 KJ/mol R=8.314 J/mol K=1.987 cal/mol KATP is synthesized from ADP, P, and a proton on the matrix side of the in- ner mitochondrial membrane. We will refer to the matrix side as the "inside" of the inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM). (a) H* transport from the outside of the IMM into the matrix drives this process. The pH inside the matrix is 8.2, and the outside is more acidic by 0.8 pH units. Assuming the IMM membrane potential is 168 mV (inside negative), calculate AG for the transport of 1 mol of H* across the IMM into the matrix at 37 °C: Houtside) Hinside) (b) Assume three mol H* must be translocated to synthesize one mol ATP by coupling of the following reactions: ADP + P, + Hinskde) ATP + H,O(ATP synthesis) 3Hinside)(proton transport) 3Houtside)The AG of the reaction C6H12O6 + 60₂ --> 6CO₂ + 6H₂O is -686 kcal/mol glucose oxidized. The AG of the reaction ADP + P₁ --> ATP + H₂O is + 7.3 kcal/mol ATP synthesized. The oxidation of glucose can be coupled to the synthesis of ATP. If the coupling is 50% efficient, how many molecules of ATP can be synthesized per molecule of glucose oxidized? Round your answer to the nearest whole number.
- The standard free energy variation of the ATP hydrolysis reaction is ΔGº’ = -30.5 kJ / mol ATP + H2O ⇄ ADP + Pi In red blood cells, when the concentration of Pi is 1.6 mM, the real change in energy free is ΔG = - 50'2 kJ / mol. a) Calculate under these conditions what is the ratio [ATP] / [ADP] in the red blood cells. b) Determine the equilibrium constant K 'of the reaction outlined above. c) If the ADP concentration were 0.2mM, what would be the effective concentration of ATP corresponding to equilibrium.The AG of the reaction C6H1206+602 --> 6 CO2 + 6H₂O is -686 kcal/mol glucose oxidized. The AG of the reaction ADP + P --> ATP + H₂O is + 7.3 kcal/mol ATP synthesized. The oxidation of glucose can be coupled to the synthesis of ATP. If the coupling is 50% efficient, how many molecules of ATP can be synthesized per molecule of glucose oxidized? Round your answer to the nearest whole number. Type your answer... rces K esc Q 7 c с 72 W #3 E 14 R LL Search or type URL % 65 T G A MacBook Pro 6 Y H & 7 U * 8 + - ( 9 J ၂ ။ K 0 ) 0 L P { + 11 } ] Submit delete returnDuring electron transfer through the mitochondrial respiratory chain, the overall reaction is NADH + 1/2O2 + H+ arrow forward NAD+ + H2O. The difference in reduction potentials for the two half reactions (delta E) is +1.14 V. Show how you would calculate the standard free energy change, delta G, for the reaction as written. (faraday constant is 96.48 kj/vmol: R=8.314j/mol K=1.987 cal/mol K
- Assuming that the pH of the IMS is 1.4 units lower than the pH of the matrix, the free energy yield associated with the transport of a proton from the mitochondrial intermembrane space (IMS) to the mitochondrial matrix is △ G of the reaction is 8.310 KJmol-1 What is the minimum number of protons that must enter the mitochondrial membrane from the IMS in order to synthesize one molecule of ATP?A mutant version of DADH can use NADP+ as a cofactor for isopropanol oxidation. Velocity data was collected from reactions at a series of NADP+ concentrations. The following trendline was obtained for a Lineweaver-Burk plot of the data: y = 0.00007x + 0.0014 Note that the NADP+ substrate concentrations are in mM and the reaction velocity was measured in nmol/min. Calculate the Km and Vmax for DADH with this substrate. Show your work.In beta oxidation of fatty acids in mitochondria, ubiquinone (via FAD / FADH2) from the respiratory chain acts as an oxidizing agent in one oxidation step and NAD + as an oxidizing agent in the other oxidation step. Discuss the exchange of ATP per oxygen molecule consumed in the breakdown of fatty acids into acetyl-COAI in relation to the exchange of ATP perroxygen molecule consumed if only NADH is the electron source for the respiratory chain.
![Biochemistry](https://www.bartleby.com/isbn_cover_images/9781305577206/9781305577206_smallCoverImage.gif)
![Biochemistry](https://www.bartleby.com/isbn_cover_images/9781305577206/9781305577206_smallCoverImage.gif)