You can successfully synthesize ovalbumin protein (eukaryotic) in the laboratory, with all the necessary components for translation in vitro. To further study translation, you vary some of the conditions and observe significantly lower level of ovalbumin protein production. Which of the following options could be a reason for this observation? Select all that apply. Ovalbumin mRNA is missing the 5'-cap chemically. modified GTP that cannot be hydrolyzed is added Ovalbumin mRNA has a mutated Shine-Dalgarno sequence Methionine charged tRNA has not been added

You can successfully synthesize ovalbumin protein (eukaryotic) in the laboratory, with all the necessary components for translation in vitro. To further study translation, you vary some of the conditions and observe significantly lower level of ovalbumin protein production. Which of the following options could be a reason for this observation? Select all that apply. Ovalbumin mRNA is missing the 5'-cap chemically. modified GTP that cannot be hydrolyzed is added Ovalbumin mRNA has a mutated Shine-Dalgarno sequence Methionine charged tRNA has not been added

Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)

11th Edition

ISBN:9780134580999

Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn

Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn

Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,...

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The following diagram illustrates a step in the process of translation. Identify the following elements on the diagram. a. A, P, and E sites
What is the order of the polypeptide chain shown in the images provided? Starting at the beginning of translation, determine the order of the amino acids in the polypeptide chain shown in this figure. Choose correct amino acids from the drop-down menu. (The choices from drop down menu are below). 1. (Choices): Leucine, Valine, Methionine 2. Leucine, Valine, Glycine 3. Valine, Methionine, Leucine 4. Methionine, Leucine, Glycine
Select all of the factors in the list below that play a role in the translation initiation of eukaryotic cells. the Kozak sequence eIF4G 3'-polyA tail fMet-tRNA the Shine-Dalgarno sequence eIF4E 5'-CAP PolyA Binding Protein (PABP)
The following DNA sequence has been determined from DNA isolated from a bit of prehistoric amber material (picture). It corresponds to a complete transcriptional unit without introns. Use the Genetic Code to predict the primary sequence of the polypeptide encoded by this preserved DNA. (Show relevant molecular intermediates, and provide detailed and appropriate labels)
some eukaryotic mRNAs have internal ribosome binding sites, where ribosomes can bind without first attaching to the 5′ cap. Yet all eukaryotic mRNAs are capped, and cap-dependent translation is highly efficient. What might be the advantage of having internal ribosome binding sites if the cap permits the initiation of translation and all eukaryotic mRNAs are capped?
Identify the correct recognition site for ribosomal subunit binding during translation. the 30s subunit binds to the 7-methylguanosine cap at the 3’ end of eukaryotic mRNA the 60s subunit binds to the “Shine-Dalgarno” sequence at the 5’ end of eubacterial mRNA the 40s subunit binds to the 7-methylguanosine cap at the 5’ end of eukaryotic mRNA the 70s subunit binds to the “Shine-Dalgarno” sequence at the 5’ end of eukaryotic mRNA the 50s subunit binds to the 7-methylguanosine cap at the 3’ end of eubacterial mRNA
1.) Define transcription and translation. How does transcription and translation differ in prokaryotes vs. eukaryotes (i.e. What is present in one but not the other)? 2.) What it means when we say that genetic code is redundant? 3.) Describe the stages of transcription (in detail for each step) - what components are required? 4.) Describe the stages of translation in eukaryotes (initiation, elongation, termination)
For each of the following initiation factors, how would eukaryotic initiation of translation be affected if it were missing? A. eIF 2 B. eIF4 C. eIF5
A synthetic mRNA added to a cell-free protein-synthesizing system produces a peptide with the following amino acid sequence: Met-ProIle-Ser-Ala. What would be the effect on translation if the following component were omitted from the cell-free protein-synthesizing system? What, if any, type of protein would be produced? Explain your reasoning. Q. Elongation factor Tu
Based on the electron micrograph shown, which of the following statements is/are correct/true? Select all that apply. You may select mutiple options. DNA and mRNAs are marked by arrows. DNA mRNAs #3 Left Right 1 μm You cannot determine relative mRNA lengths from this image You cannot determine the direction of transcription from this image the longest mRNA is on the right side ✔Direction of transcription is left to right O Direction of transcription is right to left the 5' end of the mRNA marked #3 is at the bottom O the longest mRNA is on the left side the 5' end of the mRNA marked #3 is at the top You cannot determine the 5' or 3' mRNA ends from this image
Although the genetic code is universal, a few organisms such as Paramecium have a slightly modified version in which UGA, a stop codon for most organisms, codes for tryptophan in Paramecium. Suppose that the researcher wanted to make an in vitro translation system using all of the components from Paramecium. Which of the components, if any, would she need to replace in order to have an in vitro system that was universal? Possible Answers: A. She would need to leave out the P site. B. She would need to leave out the termination factor proteins. C. She would need to leave out the tRNA that recognizes UGA. D. She would need to leave out the ubiquitin
Briefly, describe one mode of post-translational modification that occurs once translation is finished.