Which statements are true? Explain why or why not.1 In all events involving fusion of a vesicle to a targetmembrane, the cytosolic leaflets of the vesicle and targetbilayers always fuse together, as do the leaflets that are notin contact with the cytosol.2 There is one strict requirement for the exit of a pro-tein from the ER: it must be correctly folded.3 All the glycoproteins and glycolipids in intracel-lular membranes have oligosaccharide chains facing thelumenal side, and all those in the plasma membrane haveoligosaccharide chains facing the outside of the cell.

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Q: 5

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Osmosis

In simple words, osmosis is the slow, gradual movement of a liquid through a membrane. But there are nuances to this process. For instance, there has to be an imbalance in the distribution of solute in the liquid on either side of the membrane, which has to be semipermeable. The liquid in the region with a lower solute concentration moves to the region with a higher concentration, thereby displacing the solution in the process. The objective is to equalize the concentration of molecules on both sides of the membrane; the displacement of liquid can be viewed as a byproduct of this equalization. Since there is no energy required to carry osmosis, it is considered a passive process.