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(1) Which of the following statements about fatty acid synthesis is true? (A) When acetyl CoA accumulates, it is shuttled from the cytoplasm to the mitochondria to serve as the precursor to form fatty acids. (B) Acetyl CoA that is shuttled into the cytoplasm must be reconverted to citrate before it can be activated for fatty acid synthesis. (C) Every cytoplasmic acetyl CoA that is formed as a precursor for fatty acid synthesis requires the hydrolysis of (1) ATP. (D) Fatty acid synthesis requires (1) NADPH per round of elongation. (E) The NADPH reducing equivalents used for fatty acid elongation are generated from the pentose phosphate pathway and during the ATP-citrate lyase reaction.

(1) Which of the following statements about fatty acid synthesis is true? (A) When acetyl CoA accumulates, it is shuttled from the cytoplasm to the mitochondria to serve as the precursor to form fatty acids. (B) Acetyl CoA that is shuttled into the cytoplasm must be reconverted to citrate before it can be activated for fatty acid synthesis. (C) Every cytoplasmic acetyl CoA that is formed as a precursor for fatty acid synthesis requires the hydrolysis of (1) ATP. (D) Fatty acid synthesis requires (1) NADPH per round of elongation. (E) The NADPH reducing equivalents used for fatty acid elongation are generated from the pentose phosphate pathway and during the ATP-citrate lyase reaction.

Biochemistry
Biochemistry
9th Edition
ISBN:9781319114671
Author:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.
Publisher:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.
Chapter1: Biochemistry: An Evolving Science
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(1) Which of the following statements about fatty acid synthesis is true? (A) When acetyl CoA accumulates, it is shuttled from the cytoplasm to the mitochondria to serve as the precursor to form fatty acids. (B) Acetyl CoA that is shuttled into the cytoplasm must be reconverted to citrate before it can be activated for fatty acid synthesis. (C) Every cytoplasmic acetyl CoA that is formed as a precursor for fatty acid synthesis requires the hydrolysis of (1) ATP. (D) Fatty acid synthesis requires (1) NADPH per round of elongation. (E) The NADPH reducing equivalents used for fatty acid elongation are generated from the pentose phosphate pathway and during the ATP-citrate lyase reaction. (2) Anabolic reactions like fatty acid synthesis are inherently endergonic and require exergonic driving forces to proceed forward. Which of the following statements correctly describes the thermodynamics at play in the substrate activation step of fatty acid synthesis and the importance of this step in downstream elongation of the fatty acid chain? (A) Acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACC1) provides free energy that powers the carboxylation of acetyl CoA to form malonyl CoA. (B) The formation of malonyl CoA is powered by the exergonic carboxylation of acetyl COA. (C) The formation of a B-ketoacyl ACP in the first step of fatty acid synthesis is driven forward because B-ketoacyl synthase hydrolyzes ATP. (D) The addition of two carbons to the growing fatty acid chain is powered by malonyl ACP decarboxylation. (E) Decarboxylation of malonyl ACP is exergonic and the free energy that is released is coupled to ATP synthesis.
Transcribed Image Text:(1) Which of the following statements about fatty acid synthesis is true? (A) When acetyl CoA accumulates, it is shuttled from the cytoplasm to the mitochondria to serve as the precursor to form fatty acids. (B) Acetyl CoA that is shuttled into the cytoplasm must be reconverted to citrate before it can be activated for fatty acid synthesis. (C) Every cytoplasmic acetyl CoA that is formed as a precursor for fatty acid synthesis requires the hydrolysis of (1) ATP. (D) Fatty acid synthesis requires (1) NADPH per round of elongation. (E) The NADPH reducing equivalents used for fatty acid elongation are generated from the pentose phosphate pathway and during the ATP-citrate lyase reaction. (2) Anabolic reactions like fatty acid synthesis are inherently endergonic and require exergonic driving forces to proceed forward. Which of the following statements correctly describes the thermodynamics at play in the substrate activation step of fatty acid synthesis and the importance of this step in downstream elongation of the fatty acid chain? (A) Acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACC1) provides free energy that powers the carboxylation of acetyl CoA to form malonyl CoA. (B) The formation of malonyl CoA is powered by the exergonic carboxylation of acetyl COA. (C) The formation of a B-ketoacyl ACP in the first step of fatty acid synthesis is driven forward because B-ketoacyl synthase hydrolyzes ATP. (D) The addition of two carbons to the growing fatty acid chain is powered by malonyl ACP decarboxylation. (E) Decarboxylation of malonyl ACP is exergonic and the free energy that is released is coupled to ATP synthesis.
(3) Experiments performed in the 1950s to study fatty acid synthesis utilized cells containing radiolabeled 14C bicarbonate add to the cytosol. Insulin was added to the cells to stimulate fatty acid synthesis, and after a set amount of time, scientists assayed for the incorporation of 14C into various molecules. Where did the scientists find the 14C? (A) free floating in the cytoplasm (B) free floating in the mitochondria (C) incorporated into palmitate (C16) in the cytoplasm (C) incorporated into palmitate (C16) in the mitochondria (E) incorporated into acetyl CoA in the mitochondria (4) During the process of synthesizing fatty acids, the B-hydroxyacyl ACP intermediate Choose ALL that apply. (A) is dehydrated to form a trans A2-enoyl ACP (B) is reduced by NADPH (C) is a substrate for enoyl reductase (D) is condensed with a malonyl CoA to form a Cn+2 B-ketoacyl ACP (E) is a product of B-ketoacyl reductase
Transcribed Image Text:(3) Experiments performed in the 1950s to study fatty acid synthesis utilized cells containing radiolabeled 14C bicarbonate add to the cytosol. Insulin was added to the cells to stimulate fatty acid synthesis, and after a set amount of time, scientists assayed for the incorporation of 14C into various molecules. Where did the scientists find the 14C? (A) free floating in the cytoplasm (B) free floating in the mitochondria (C) incorporated into palmitate (C16) in the cytoplasm (C) incorporated into palmitate (C16) in the mitochondria (E) incorporated into acetyl CoA in the mitochondria (4) During the process of synthesizing fatty acids, the B-hydroxyacyl ACP intermediate Choose ALL that apply. (A) is dehydrated to form a trans A2-enoyl ACP (B) is reduced by NADPH (C) is a substrate for enoyl reductase (D) is condensed with a malonyl CoA to form a Cn+2 B-ketoacyl ACP (E) is a product of B-ketoacyl reductase
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