Which of the following statements is true for the shown reactions? Deficiency of oxaloacetate stimulates the formation of X and yInsulin signaling stimulates the formation of X and YBoth A and BNeither A nor B ### Fermentation Pathway: Biochemical Transformation**Diagram Explanation:****Substrate W:**This is the starting molecule in the fermentation pathway. The structure contains a long carbon chain with the following components:- A terminal carboxyl group (COO^-).- A hydroxyl group (OH) attached to the third carbon from the terminal carboxyl group.- Attached sulfhydryl group (S) bonded to Coenzyme A (CoA) at the first carbon.- A total of six carbon atoms in the main chain.**Intermediate X:**This is the intermediate product formed after the release of Acetyl-CoA (CH3C(=O)-S-CoA):- The structure contains a terminal carboxyl group (COO^-).- A ketone group (C=O) attached at the second carbon from the terminal carboxyl group.- A methyl group (CH3) attached to the second carbon.- A total of three carbon atoms in the main chain.**Product Y:**This is the final product formed after the reduction of Intermediate X:- The structure contains a terminal carboxyl group (COO^-).- A hydroxyl group (OH) attached to the third carbon from the terminal carboxyl group, where previously the ketone group was present.- A methyl group (CH3) attached to the third carbon.- A total of three carbon atoms in the main chain.### Steps in the Pathway:1. **Conversion of Substrate W to Intermediate X:** - The intermediate X is formed when Acetyl-CoA is released from Substrate W. - Acetyl-CoA is a common coenzyme involved in various biochemical reactions involving acyl group transfer.2. **Reduction of Intermediate X to Product Y:** - Intermediate X undergoes a reduction reaction, resulting in the addition of 2 hydrogen atoms (2H) to form the final product Y.### Biochemical Significance:This pathway typically represents a segment in metabolic processes, including but not limited to fermentation, where complex organic molecules are broken down into simpler ones, releasing energy and forming essential biochemical intermediates.---This detailed explanation provides a clear understanding of the biochemical transformation occurring in the illustrated pathway, making it helpful for learners studying advanced biology or biochemistry.

Acetyl CoA produced from fatty acid oxidation in the hepatic cells has two possible fates:enter TCA…

Which of the following statements is true for the shown reactions? Deficiency of oxaloacetate stimulates the formation of X and y Insulin signaling stimulates the formation of X and Y Both A and B Neither A nor B

Which of the following statements is true for the shown reactions? Deficiency of oxaloacetate stimulates the formation of X and y Insulin signaling stimulates the formation of X and Y Both A and B Neither A nor B

Biochemistry

9th Edition

ISBN:9781319114671

Author:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Publisher:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Chapter1: Biochemistry: An Evolving Science

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1P

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Hormone H regulates these effects via its receptors which are found at both the cell surface (csRH) and within the cell (içRH). The signalling pathways that become activated in the presence of hormone H are depicted and described below. hormone H. H H extracellular fluid inactive GTP inactive RAS Lyn cell-surface receptor for H (csR») icR GDP RAS-GTP hexose metabolism cell survival H icR G, phase (resting) Raf HK GSK-3P MEK M G2 icR - hexose kinase ERK promoter HRE CDK1 Cyclin A nucleus cyclin A Fos A promoter Created in BioRender.com bio Signalling via the cell surface receptor Hormone H mediates its cell cycle stimulatory and pro-survival effects by binding to and activating the cell surface hormone H receptor (csRH). The activated CSRH activates Lyn, which activates RAS and ultimately the Raf/MEK/ERK kinase cascade. Active ERK: o phosphorylates and inactivates GSK-3B. Inhibition of GSK-3ß promotes cell survival. inhibits p27, preventing it from inhibiting cell cycle progression.…
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