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Which of the following statements is true for the shown reactions?   Deficiency of oxaloacetate stimulates the formation of X and y Insulin signaling stimulates the formation of X and Y Both A and B Neither A nor B

Which of the following statements is true for the shown reactions?   Deficiency of oxaloacetate stimulates the formation of X and y Insulin signaling stimulates the formation of X and Y Both A and B Neither A nor B

Biochemistry
Biochemistry
9th Edition
ISBN:9781319114671
Author:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.
Publisher:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.
Chapter1: Biochemistry: An Evolving Science
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1P
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Which of the following statements is true for the shown reactions?

 

Deficiency of oxaloacetate stimulates the formation of X and y

Insulin signaling stimulates the formation of X and Y

Both A and B

Neither A nor B

### Fermentation Pathway: Biochemical Transformation **Diagram Explanation:** **Substrate W:** This is the starting molecule in the fermentation pathway. The structure contains a long carbon chain with the following components: - A terminal carboxyl group (COO^-). - A hydroxyl group (OH) attached to the third carbon from the terminal carboxyl group. - Attached sulfhydryl group (S) bonded to Coenzyme A (CoA) at the first carbon. - A total of six carbon atoms in the main chain. **Intermediate X:** This is the intermediate product formed after the release of Acetyl-CoA (CH3C(=O)-S-CoA): - The structure contains a terminal carboxyl group (COO^-). - A ketone group (C=O) attached at the second carbon from the terminal carboxyl group. - A methyl group (CH3) attached to the second carbon. - A total of three carbon atoms in the main chain. **Product Y:** This is the final product formed after the reduction of Intermediate X: - The structure contains a terminal carboxyl group (COO^-). - A hydroxyl group (OH) attached to the third carbon from the terminal carboxyl group, where previously the ketone group was present. - A methyl group (CH3) attached to the third carbon. - A total of three carbon atoms in the main chain. ### Steps in the Pathway: 1. **Conversion of Substrate W to Intermediate X:** - The intermediate X is formed when Acetyl-CoA is released from Substrate W. - Acetyl-CoA is a common coenzyme involved in various biochemical reactions involving acyl group transfer. 2. **Reduction of Intermediate X to Product Y:** - Intermediate X undergoes a reduction reaction, resulting in the addition of 2 hydrogen atoms (2H) to form the final product Y. ### Biochemical Significance: This pathway typically represents a segment in metabolic processes, including but not limited to fermentation, where complex organic molecules are broken down into simpler ones, releasing energy and forming essential biochemical intermediates. --- This detailed explanation provides a clear understanding of the biochemical transformation occurring in the illustrated pathway, making it helpful for learners studying advanced biology or biochemistry.
Transcribed Image Text:### Fermentation Pathway: Biochemical Transformation **Diagram Explanation:** **Substrate W:** This is the starting molecule in the fermentation pathway. The structure contains a long carbon chain with the following components: - A terminal carboxyl group (COO^-). - A hydroxyl group (OH) attached to the third carbon from the terminal carboxyl group. - Attached sulfhydryl group (S) bonded to Coenzyme A (CoA) at the first carbon. - A total of six carbon atoms in the main chain. **Intermediate X:** This is the intermediate product formed after the release of Acetyl-CoA (CH3C(=O)-S-CoA): - The structure contains a terminal carboxyl group (COO^-). - A ketone group (C=O) attached at the second carbon from the terminal carboxyl group. - A methyl group (CH3) attached to the second carbon. - A total of three carbon atoms in the main chain. **Product Y:** This is the final product formed after the reduction of Intermediate X: - The structure contains a terminal carboxyl group (COO^-). - A hydroxyl group (OH) attached to the third carbon from the terminal carboxyl group, where previously the ketone group was present. - A methyl group (CH3) attached to the third carbon. - A total of three carbon atoms in the main chain. ### Steps in the Pathway: 1. **Conversion of Substrate W to Intermediate X:** - The intermediate X is formed when Acetyl-CoA is released from Substrate W. - Acetyl-CoA is a common coenzyme involved in various biochemical reactions involving acyl group transfer. 2. **Reduction of Intermediate X to Product Y:** - Intermediate X undergoes a reduction reaction, resulting in the addition of 2 hydrogen atoms (2H) to form the final product Y. ### Biochemical Significance: This pathway typically represents a segment in metabolic processes, including but not limited to fermentation, where complex organic molecules are broken down into simpler ones, releasing energy and forming essential biochemical intermediates. --- This detailed explanation provides a clear understanding of the biochemical transformation occurring in the illustrated pathway, making it helpful for learners studying advanced biology or biochemistry.
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