In the indicated tissues, how will each process or the activity of each enzyme below be affected by thesignal sent upon Glucagon secretion? Use an up (t) or down (1) arrow or NC (no change). (Hint: Decidewhat pathways will be up-regulated first, then look at the enzymes below!)+Triacylglygerol Lipase(Adipocytes)Phosphofructokinase-2 (Liver)Insulin secretion (Pancreas)Pyruvate Kinase (Muscle)Glycogen Phosphorylase (Liver)Phosphofructokinase-1 (Liver)Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase 1(Liver)Fatty Acid Biosynthesis (Liver)PEP Carboxxkinase (Liver)Phosphorylation of Perilipins(Adipocytes)Adenylate Cyclase (Liver)Glycogen Synthase (Liver)Acetyl CoA CarboxylaseHexokinase II (Muscle)

Glucagon is a hormone secreted by the alpha cells in pancreas. It is a principle hormone regulates…

Answered: In the indicated tissues, how will each…

Biochemistry

9th Edition

ISBN:9781319114671

Author:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Publisher:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Chapter1: Biochemistry: An Evolving Science

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1P

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Write a one-sentence explanation for each of the following statements. (a) In liver, glucagon stimulates glycogen breakdown via cyclic AMP. Although one might expect glucagon also to stimulate catabolism of the glucose formed, glucagon inhibits glycolysis and stimulates glu- coneogenesis in liver. (b) An individual with a glucose-6-phosphatase deficiency suffers from chronic hypoglycemia. (c) The action of phosphorylase kinase simultaneously activates glycogen breakdown and inhibits glycogen synthesis. (d) The presence in liver of glucose-6-phosphatase is essential to the function of the liver in synthesizing glucose for use by other tissues.
What would be the effect on fatty acid synthesis of an increase in intramito- chondrial oxaloacetate level? Briefly explain your answer.
If glucagon binds to the liver cell, what is the expected regulation of the bifunctional enzyme phosphofructokinase-2/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase and how would the levels of fructose-2,6-bisphosphate be impacted?
Compare and contrast the following items related to lipid metabolism. Cite their main similarities/or differences. 1.lysophosphatidylcholine vs. phosphatidylethanolamine 2.trimyristin vs. triolein. 3. ACP vs. carnitine-acyl transferase.
The antidiabetes drugs known as thiazolidinediones induce the production of glycerol kinase in adipocytes. Explain why this would decrease the concentration of serum fatty acids, which are often elevated in diabetics.
In the fasted state, FADH2 and NADH for oxidative phosphorylation are mainly provided by fatty acid oxidation. Explain how fatty acids are mobilised from adipose tissue by the action of glucagon.
Write a one-sentence explanation for each of the following statements.(a) In liver, glucagon stimulates glycogen breakdown via cAMP. Although you might expect glucagon to stimulate catabolism of the glucose formed as well, glucagon inhibits glycolysis and stimulates gluconeogenesis in liver.(b) An individual with a glucose-6-phosphatase deficiency suffers fromchronic hypoglycemia.(c) The action of phosphorylase kinase simultaneously activates glycogenbreakdown and inhibits glycogen synthesis.(d) The presence in liver of glucose-6-phosphatase is essential to the function of the liver in synthesizing glucose for use by other tissues.
For an individual whose liver is regulated by glucagon binding, when energy is needed - what is the major carbon source used to produce acetyl CoA? Fatty acids Glucose Glyoxylate Amino acids
If the brain needs glucose, then gluconeogenesis stops after reaction (9, 8, 10, 2) because (phosphoenolpyruvate, glucose, glucose-6-phosphaet, fructose-6-phosphate) can be exported from the hepatocyte using a transporter.
A person is suspected with diabetes mellitus. He checks his blood glucose level by gluceose oxidase method. After the experiment, OD of his blood sample was obtained as 0.08. Based on the glucose standard curve seen in the virtual lab, calculate his blood glucose level. Is he had diabetes mellitus? (Note: Normal blood glucose level in our body is 70-110mg/dl). Find out the role and chemical reactions of the following reagents in the blood glucose level determination by glucose oxidase method. a) Sodium sulphate – Zinc sulphate solution b ) Glucose oxidase reagent c) Peroxidase A person did estimation of blood glucose level by glucose oxidase method by referring the virtual lab procedure. But he forgot to add ortho - toluidine reagent during glucose oxidase reagent preparation. a) What is the observation of the result?…
What would be the effect on fatty acid synthesis of an increase in intramitochondrial oxaloacetate level? Briefly explain your answer.
For an individual whose liver is regulated by glucagon binding, when energy is needed - what is the major source of carbon skeletons used to produce TCA cycle intermediates? Amino acids Glucose Fatty acids Glyoxylate

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In the indicated tissues, how will each process or the activity of each enzyme below be affected by the signal sent upon Glucagon secretion? Use an up (1) or down (1) arrow or NC (no change). (Hint: Decide what pathways will be up-regulated first, then look at the enzymes below!)