Why is it physiologically advantageous for the pancreas to use GLUT2, with a high Kyglucose entry into ß cells?M, as the transporter that allowsGLUT2 is a low-affinity glucose transporter; therefore, insulin is only released in response to elevated circulatingglucose levels.GLUT2 is a low-affinity glucose transporter; therefore, glucagon is only released in response to elevated circulatingglucose levels.GLUT2 is a high-affinity glucose transporter; therefore, glucagon is released continuously in response to the constantrate of glucose uptake.GLUT2 is a high-affinity glucose transporter; therefore, insulin is released continuously in response to the constant rateof glucose uptake.

Two hormones regulate glucose hemostasis in the blood: insulin- released in response to high blood…

Answered: Why is it physiologically advantageous…

Biochemistry

9th Edition

ISBN:9781319114671

Author:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Publisher:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Chapter1: Biochemistry: An Evolving Science

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1P

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Why is it advantageous that breakdown of glycogen gives rise to glucose-6-phosphate rather than to glucose?
The hormone, glucagon, is released in the body when glucose levels are low. Briefly describe how each of the following participate in the response to glucagon: gluconeogenesis glycolysis F16BP F26BP PFK-1 PFK-2 FBPase-1 FBPase-2
For our patient John with diabetes type II, he can make insulin but his body cells can be resistant to this insulin. Note: activated insulin receptors will activate glucose receptors. John takes a drug called metformin, in conjunction with regulating his diet and exercising. This drug has two main effects. First, it helps reduce hepatic (liver) production of glucose. Second, it helps cells become more sensitive to insulin. Explain how these two effects of metformin can help John.
If glucagon binds to the liver cell, what is the expected regulation of the bifunctional enzyme phosphofructokinase-2/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase and how would the levels of fructose-2,6-bisphosphate be impacted?
In type II Diabetes, insulin is produced but is nonfunctional. These individuals are described as “starving in the sea of plenty” because their blood glucose levels are high, but none of the glucose is transported into the cells. Describe how this lead to malnutrition.
Name two proteins that are effectors of the insulin signaling pathway in adipocytes, liver, or muscle cells. Explain how these effector proteins address the conditions that triggered insulin release.
Normally, when blood glucose level increases (e.g. after a meal), the islet cells in the pancreas secrete insulin. When insulin molecules bind to insulin receptors on the surface of a muscle cell, the receptors become activated, initiating a signaling pathway which eventually results in the increase in the number of passive glucose transporter on the muscle cell surface thus increases the uptake of glucose into the cell and decrease blood glucose level. Indicate whether the following conditions/practice will likely lead to diabetes (mark Yes or No). [Select] degeneration of islet cells [Select] [Select] [Select] a mutation in the insulin receptor that increases its kinase activity ✓ exercise a mutation in the insulin receptor that prevents dimerization
For an individual whose liver is regulated by glucagon binding, when energy is needed - what is the major carbon source used to produce acetyl CoA? Fatty acids Glucose Glyoxylate Amino acids
If protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) is inhibited does Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 become more active?
A fixed amount of radiolabelled insulin was incubated with a fixed amount of anti-insulin antibody, the bound ligand was separated from free ligand at different time intervals. Draw a diagram of the concentration of the insulin/antibody complex with time. (Insulin/antibody complex is the bound ligand) asap typed only .
Epinephrine stimulates glycogen breakdown by activating glycogen phosphorylase. However, in the research lab, no glycogen breakdown occurred when epinephrine was added to a test tube containing the enzyme and its substrate, glycogen. Explain why glycogen phosphorylase could be activated by epinephrine only when the hormone was added to intact cells in a solution.
What protein is activated in the cytoplasm due to activation of the insulin receptor? protein kinase A glycogen phosphorylase protein phosphatase 1 glycogen synthase kinase insulin-receptor substrate

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