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Which of the following in the figure below is the most efficient form of dual opsonization of the pathogen by antibody and C3b to maximize phagocytosis?

Which of the following in the figure below is the most efficient form of dual opsonization of the pathogen by antibody and C3b to maximize phagocytosis?

Biochemistry
Biochemistry
9th Edition
ISBN:9781319114671
Author:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.
Publisher:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.
Chapter1: Biochemistry: An Evolving Science
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1P
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Opsonization of pathogens by both antibodies and complement proteins (C3b) leads to uptake and destruction of the pathogen by phagocytic cells that express both Fc receptors and complement receptors. Which of the following in the figure below is the most efficient form of dual opsonization of the pathogen by antibody and C3b to maximize phagocytosis?

### Understanding the Immunological Response: Antibody and Complement Opsonization The following diagram showcases a sequence of events involving antibodies and complement proteins in the immune response targeting a pathogen. Let's explore each stage in detail: #### Panel a: - **Pathogen Representation**: The red oval depicts the pathogen. - **Antibody Binding**: Purple Y-shaped structures signify antibodies attaching to the pathogen. - **C3b Deposition**: The light blue object labeled “C3b” indicates the deposition of complement protein C3b on the pathogen's surface. #### Panel b: - **Increased Binding**: Multiple antibodies (purple Y-shaped structures) are bound to the pathogen (red oval), with C3b also attached. #### Panel c: - **Enhanced Opsonization**: The pathogen is heavily coated with both antibodies and C3b, promoting further opsonization. #### Panel d: - **Complement Cascade Activation**: Additional components of the complement system are attracted to C3b, resulting in the formation of a membrane attack complex, further tagging the pathogen for elimination. #### Panel e: - **Targeted Elimination**: The pathogen is prepared for phagocytosis or destruction by immune cells due to extensive labeling by antibodies and complement proteins. ### Summary This series of events demonstrates the critical role of antibodies and complement proteins in marking pathogens for destruction, known as opsonization. Proper opsonization enhances the efficiency of the immune system in identifying and eliminating microbial invaders.
Transcribed Image Text:### Understanding the Immunological Response: Antibody and Complement Opsonization The following diagram showcases a sequence of events involving antibodies and complement proteins in the immune response targeting a pathogen. Let's explore each stage in detail: #### Panel a: - **Pathogen Representation**: The red oval depicts the pathogen. - **Antibody Binding**: Purple Y-shaped structures signify antibodies attaching to the pathogen. - **C3b Deposition**: The light blue object labeled “C3b” indicates the deposition of complement protein C3b on the pathogen's surface. #### Panel b: - **Increased Binding**: Multiple antibodies (purple Y-shaped structures) are bound to the pathogen (red oval), with C3b also attached. #### Panel c: - **Enhanced Opsonization**: The pathogen is heavily coated with both antibodies and C3b, promoting further opsonization. #### Panel d: - **Complement Cascade Activation**: Additional components of the complement system are attracted to C3b, resulting in the formation of a membrane attack complex, further tagging the pathogen for elimination. #### Panel e: - **Targeted Elimination**: The pathogen is prepared for phagocytosis or destruction by immune cells due to extensive labeling by antibodies and complement proteins. ### Summary This series of events demonstrates the critical role of antibodies and complement proteins in marking pathogens for destruction, known as opsonization. Proper opsonization enhances the efficiency of the immune system in identifying and eliminating microbial invaders.
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