Use graphs to illustrate enzyme activity as a function of the following: II. a. Substrate Concentration max velocity v max Rate Substrate Concentration b. Enzyme concentration Rate Enzyme Conc. с. рH Optimum Temperature Increasod temp. results in denaturation Rate Temperature d. Temperature Optimum pH Rate Increas ing pH
Enzyme kinetics
In biochemistry, enzymes are proteins that act as biological catalysts. Catalysis is the addition of a catalyst to a chemical reaction to speed up the pace of the reaction. Catalysis can be categorized as either homogeneous or heterogeneous, depending on whether the catalysts are distributed in the same phase as that of the reactants. Enzymes are an essential part of the cell because, without them, many organic processes would slow down and thus will affect the processes that are important for cell survival and sustenance.
Regulation of Enzymes
A substance that acts as a catalyst to regulate the reaction rate in the living organism's metabolic pathways without itself getting altered is an enzyme. Most of the biological reactions and metabolic pathways in the living systems are carried out by enzymes. They are specific for their works and work in particular conditions. It maintains the best possible rate of reaction in the most stable state. The enzymes have distinct properties as they can proceed with the reaction in any direction, their particular binding sites, pH specificity, temperature specificity required in very few amounts.
![## Illustrating Enzyme Activity with Graphs
**II. Use graphs to illustrate enzyme activity as a function of the following:**
### a. Substrate Concentration
- **Graph Description:** The graph shows the relationship between substrate concentration and the rate of reaction. It starts with a steep increase in rate as substrate concentration increases, eventually leveling off at a point labeled "max velocity or Vmax." This indicates that the enzyme activity reaches a maximum rate and does not increase further with additional substrate.
### b. Enzyme Concentration
- **Graph Description:** This graph illustrates a linear relationship between enzyme concentration and the rate of reaction. As enzyme concentration increases, the rate of reaction increases proportionally, showing a direct correlation.
### c. pH
- **Graph Description:** The graph depicts enzyme activity as a function of pH. It indicates an optimum pH where the rate of reaction is highest. The curve shows enzyme activity dropping off at pH levels above or below this optimum due to denaturation or reduced efficacy.
### d. Temperature
- **Graph Description:** This graph illustrates enzyme activity as it varies with temperature. It has a peak indicating the optimum temperature for activity. Beyond this peak, particularly at higher temperatures, enzyme activity decreases due to denaturation.
These graphs highlight how various factors such as substrate concentration, enzyme concentration, pH, and temperature affect enzyme activity, providing insights into the optimal conditions for enzyme functionality.](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2F4ba5b790-6c79-4712-865d-34bf0b1778dc%2Fbdd64d4a-7dc9-42c6-89af-0205d90cab90%2Fg8y6gx8_processed.jpeg&w=3840&q=75)
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