Answered: True or false: During DNA replication,…

True or false: During DNA replication, the DNA template is read 3 ́ to 5 ́ by a DNA polymerase, as the DNA polymerase adds nucleotides to the growing strand 5 ́ to 3 ́?

Human Biology (MindTap Course List)

11th Edition

ISBN:9781305112100

Author:Cecie Starr, Beverly McMillan

Publisher:Cecie Starr, Beverly McMillan

Chapter21: Dna, Genes, And Biotechnology

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1RQ: Why is DNA replication called semiconservative?

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Concept explainers

Viral Replication

The virus is acellular and considered non-living outside the host cell. The replication of the virus occurs only inside the living cells. Only a few genes are present in the smallest virus, whereas many genes are present in the largest virus. These genes encode specific viral proteins.

Question

True or false: During DNA replication, the DNA template is read 3 ́ to 5 ́ by a DNA polymerase, as the DNA polymerase adds nucleotides to the growing strand 5 ́ to 3 ́?

Definition Definition A complex molecule that makes up a fundamental unit of a DNA or RNA molecule. Nucleotides are composed of a sugar, a nitrogenous base, and a phosphoric acid.

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True or false: The synthesis of a new strand of DNA is initiated using a DNA primer?
For the following steps in DNA replication, name the prokaryotic and eukaryotic enzymes (in that order!) that perform the task listed: Question 33 options: Tethering a polymerase to DNA (prokaryotes) Removing supercoils (eukaryotes) Removing supercoils (prokaryotes) Lagging strand replication (eukaryotes) Lagging strand replication (prokaryotes) Tethering a polymerase to DNA (eukaryotes) Stabilizing single-stranded DNA (prokaryotes) Stabilizing single-stranded DNA (eukaryotes) 1. DNA Pol III 2. DNA Pol Delta () 3. DNA Pol Epsilon () 4. Helicase 5. Topoisomerase (type I or II) 6. Beta clamp 7. PCNA 8. SSB 9. RPA 10. DNA Pol I 11. Ligase
The proteins and enzymes listed below are all required for DNA replication in E. coli, but they are listed in a random order. Determine the correct order in which they function in replication, by selecting the correct number from the drop-down menu in each case, with 1 being first and 6 being last.
Match the enzymes involved in DNA replication with their function. Primase [ Choose ] [ Choose] Synthesizes short RNA segment to initiate new DNA strand Helicase Main enzyme that extends RNA primer by adding DNA nucleotides to it Stabilizes single-stranded DNA Relieves over-winding of DNA ahead of the replication fork Removes RNA primers preceding Okazaki fragment and replaces RNA nucleotides with DNA nucleotides Single-stranded binding proteins Unwinds DNA helix Synthesizes the ends of the linear chromosome Seals nicks between adjacent DNA segments DNA polymerase III [ Choose ] DNA polymerasel [ Choose ] DNA Ligase [ Choose ] Topoisomerase [ Choose ]
true or false: During replication, template strands of DNA are read in the 5’ to 3’ direction.
Assume a deletion occurs in a gene that encodes DNA polymerase I and no functional DNA polymerase I is produced. What will be the most likely consequence of this mutation? The DNA would not exist in a supercoiled state. There would be no RNA primers laid down. The DNA will not be able to unwind to initiate replication. The DNA strands would contain pieces of RNA. There would be no DNA replication on the leading or lagging strands.
True or false: After chromosomal replication, Type I topoisomerase is used to coil up the double-stranded DNA?
The figure below depicts various elements of the eukaryotic replication machinery in action. Enter the name for the protein depicted by each box. Box A Box B Box C Box D Box E Box F DNA polymerase on lagging strand (just finishing an Okazaki fragment) F Maintains polymerase association with DNA Enzyme extends separation of DNA strands Synthesizes RNA fragments that hybridize to DNA Relaxes supercoiled DNA ahead of replication fork Maintains DNA is single stranded state Promotes binding of processivity factors to DNA Newly synthesized strand pocoar Leading-strand template A New Okazaki fragment RNA primer E Lagging-strand template DNA polymerase on leading strand B C D Saaragon - Next Okazaki fragment will start here Parental DNA helix
Briefly discuss the pros and cons of having a nucleoid (as bacteria do) versus a double nuclear membrane surrounding the DNA (as in eukaryotes). List and explain three reasons why DNA replication is very accurate.
Deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates are the necessary and fundamental monomers for polymerization of DNA. However, DNA replication also requires ribonucleoside triphosphates. Why? More than one answer is correct. Question 8 options: new DNA chains are initiated on an RNA primer synthesized from ribonucleoside triphosphates by primase. DNA helicase uses the energy of ATP (a ribonucleoside triphosphate) to unwind the DNA double helix before DNA synthesis can occur. unlike DNA polymerase epsilon, DNA polymerase delta incorporates ribonucleotides into the growing polymer to synthesize the lagging strand ribonucleoside triphosphates are converted into deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates by DNA polymerase immediately before incorporation. DNA is first synthesized as RNA which is converted to DNA by removal of the 2'-OH (2' hydroxyl) from the pentose sugars in the backbone by DNA polymerase.
True or False Replication of genetic material means that the genetic material is recreated to make another copy of itself?
Show the replication strands in each of these bubbles (note they have different DNA orientations). Label each end of each DNA strand and include arrows to show which direction it is extending. Show the Okazaki fragments in the correct places. 3' 5'