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Three experiments demonstrating gene silencing (a) Fire/Mello: injection of dsRNA (b) Jorgensen: insertion of transgene (c) Baulcombe: insertion of viral gene 1. unc-22 dsRNA synthesized in lab. 1. Transgene inserted into petunia cells. 1. Viral gene inserted into tobacco plant. viral gene unc-22 Gene Antisense Transgene Gene dsRNA Sense Endogenous pigment gene 2. dsRNA injected into C. elegans embryos. 2. Adults grown from transformed cells have white sectors in flowers. 2. Plant exposed to virus but remains healthy. Micropipette with dsRNA solution 3. Adults display muscle defects. Conclusion. unc-22 gene silenced. Conclusion: viral gene silenced. Conclusion: transgene and endogenous pigment gene silenced. FIGURE 8-20 Three experiments reveal key features of gene silencing. (a) Fire and Mello demonstrated that dsRNA copies can selectively silence genes in C. elegans. (b) Jorgensen discovered that a transgene can silence an endogenous petunia gene necessary for floral color. (c) Baulcombe showed that plants with a copy of a viral transgene wore resistant to viral infection and produced SIRNAS complementary to the viral genome. laboratory and was composed of a sense (coding) RNA strand and a complementary antisense RNA strand. In their initial experiment, Fire and Mello injected dsRNA copies of the unc-22 gene into C. elegans embryos and watched as the embryos grew into adults that twitched and had muscle defects. This result was exciting because uno-22 was known to encode a muscle protein and null mutants of unc-22 displayed the same twitching and muscle defects. Taken together, these observations indi- cated that the injected dsRNA prevented the production of the Unc-22 protein. For their discovery of a new way to silence genes, Fire and Mello were awarded the Nobel Prize in Medicine or Physiology in 2004.

Three experiments demonstrating gene silencing (a) Fire/Mello: injection of dsRNA (b) Jorgensen: insertion of transgene (c) Baulcombe: insertion of viral gene 1. unc-22 dsRNA synthesized in lab. 1. Transgene inserted into petunia cells. 1. Viral gene inserted into tobacco plant. viral gene unc-22 Gene Antisense Transgene Gene dsRNA Sense Endogenous pigment gene 2. dsRNA injected into C. elegans embryos. 2. Adults grown from transformed cells have white sectors in flowers. 2. Plant exposed to virus but remains healthy. Micropipette with dsRNA solution 3. Adults display muscle defects. Conclusion. unc-22 gene silenced. Conclusion: viral gene silenced. Conclusion: transgene and endogenous pigment gene silenced. FIGURE 8-20 Three experiments reveal key features of gene silencing. (a) Fire and Mello demonstrated that dsRNA copies can selectively silence genes in C. elegans. (b) Jorgensen discovered that a transgene can silence an endogenous petunia gene necessary for floral color. (c) Baulcombe showed that plants with a copy of a viral transgene wore resistant to viral infection and produced SIRNAS complementary to the viral genome. laboratory and was composed of a sense (coding) RNA strand and a complementary antisense RNA strand. In their initial experiment, Fire and Mello injected dsRNA copies of the unc-22 gene into C. elegans embryos and watched as the embryos grew into adults that twitched and had muscle defects. This result was exciting because uno-22 was known to encode a muscle protein and null mutants of unc-22 displayed the same twitching and muscle defects. Taken together, these observations indi- cated that the injected dsRNA prevented the production of the Unc-22 protein. For their discovery of a new way to silence genes, Fire and Mello were awarded the Nobel Prize in Medicine or Physiology in 2004.

Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,...
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In Figure 8-20, three very different situations are shown
that all result in gene silencing. What do these situations
have in common to make this is possible?

Three experiments demonstrating gene silencing (a) Fire/Mello: injection of dsRNA (b) Jorgensen: insertion of transgene (c) Baulcombe: insertion of viral gene 1. unc-22 dsRNA synthesized in lab. 1. Transgene inserted into petunia cells. 1. Viral gene inserted into tobacco plant. viral gene unc-22 Gene Antisense Transgene Gene dsRNA Sense Endogenous pigment gene 2. dsRNA injected into C. elegans embryos. 2. Adults grown from transformed cells have white sectors in flowers. 2. Plant exposed to virus but remains healthy. Micropipette with dsRNA solution 3. Adults display muscle defects. Conclusion. unc-22 gene silenced. Conclusion: viral gene silenced. Conclusion: transgene and endogenous pigment gene silenced. FIGURE 8-20 Three experiments reveal key features of gene silencing. (a) Fire and Mello demonstrated that dsRNA copies can selectively silence genes in C. elegans. (b) Jorgensen discovered that a transgene can silence an endogenous petunia gene necessary for floral color. (c) Baulcombe showed that plants with a copy of a viral transgene wore resistant to viral infection and produced SIRNAS complementary to the viral genome. laboratory and was composed of a sense (coding) RNA strand and a complementary antisense RNA strand. In their initial experiment, Fire and Mello injected dsRNA copies of the unc-22 gene into C. elegans embryos and watched as the embryos grew into adults that twitched and had muscle defects. This result was exciting because uno-22 was known to encode a muscle protein and null mutants of unc-22 displayed the same twitching and muscle defects. Taken together, these observations indi- cated that the injected dsRNA prevented the production of the Unc-22 protein. For their discovery of a new way to silence genes, Fire and Mello were awarded the Nobel Prize in Medicine or Physiology in 2004.
Transcribed Image Text:Three experiments demonstrating gene silencing (a) Fire/Mello: injection of dsRNA (b) Jorgensen: insertion of transgene (c) Baulcombe: insertion of viral gene 1. unc-22 dsRNA synthesized in lab. 1. Transgene inserted into petunia cells. 1. Viral gene inserted into tobacco plant. viral gene unc-22 Gene Antisense Transgene Gene dsRNA Sense Endogenous pigment gene 2. dsRNA injected into C. elegans embryos. 2. Adults grown from transformed cells have white sectors in flowers. 2. Plant exposed to virus but remains healthy. Micropipette with dsRNA solution 3. Adults display muscle defects. Conclusion. unc-22 gene silenced. Conclusion: viral gene silenced. Conclusion: transgene and endogenous pigment gene silenced. FIGURE 8-20 Three experiments reveal key features of gene silencing. (a) Fire and Mello demonstrated that dsRNA copies can selectively silence genes in C. elegans. (b) Jorgensen discovered that a transgene can silence an endogenous petunia gene necessary for floral color. (c) Baulcombe showed that plants with a copy of a viral transgene wore resistant to viral infection and produced SIRNAS complementary to the viral genome. laboratory and was composed of a sense (coding) RNA strand and a complementary antisense RNA strand. In their initial experiment, Fire and Mello injected dsRNA copies of the unc-22 gene into C. elegans embryos and watched as the embryos grew into adults that twitched and had muscle defects. This result was exciting because uno-22 was known to encode a muscle protein and null mutants of unc-22 displayed the same twitching and muscle defects. Taken together, these observations indi- cated that the injected dsRNA prevented the production of the Unc-22 protein. For their discovery of a new way to silence genes, Fire and Mello were awarded the Nobel Prize in Medicine or Physiology in 2004.
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