The transport of aspirin (pKa = 3.5, structure shown here) from the digestive tract to the circulation occurs by nonmediated absorption into cells lining the stomach (where pH = 0.8) and the small intestine (where pH 6.0). Do you expect absorption to be faster in the stomach or in the small intestine?

Q: Consider a uniport system where a carrier protein transports an uncharged substance A across a cell…

A: ∆G = R T ln (Ainside /Aoutside)  Where G is free energy change for the transport of uncharged…

Q: ) What would be the predominant ionization states of this amino acid at physiological pH (7.4) and…

A: Amino acids contain an alpha-amino group, an alpha-carboxylic group, and a side chain. The side…

Q: Consider olive oil, an oil with a high percentage of fat derived from oleic acid (otherwise known as…

A: When the two hydrogen atoms of the fatty acids which adjoin the double bond are in the same chain,…

Q: You have prepared a BSA serial dilution (ug ml) to construct a protein standard curve, for which the…

A: The standard equation for calculating concentration is Beer Lambert's law, A= ebc, where A is…

Q: You have an aqueous solution of hemoglobin (pl = 6.8) at pH 6.5, and currently the proteins are…

A: pH affects the ionisation of amino acids and can thus influence the nature and distribution of…

Q: A mixture of Aspartic Acid (pl 2.98), Histidine (pl 7.59), Lysine (pl 9.74), Phenylalanine (pl 5.48)…

A: In chromatography, we've got a go with the flow coming out of a column, when we inject a substance…

Q: Given a stock protein solution with a concentration of 3 mg/ml, determine the protein concentration…

A: Stock solutions are used in many laboratory procedures, in order to save space for keeping larger…

Q: Biotin (below), also known as Vitamin B7, is a very large organic compound derived primarily from…

A: Vitamin B7 or biotin's empirical formula is C10H16O3N2. It is widespread in foods and also produced…

Q: Uncharged molecules can passively pass through membranes more readily than charged molecules.…

A: An acid dissociation constant  (Ka) is a quantitative measure of the strength of an acid in the…

Q: Using the equation for the best-fit straight line through your data, the average absorbance of your…

A: Beer-Lambert's law states that the amount of energy absorbed or transmitted by a solution is…

Q: The pK₂ of the x-carboxyl group of serine is 2.21, and the pKa of its a-amino group is 9.15.…

A: pKa is the pH at which a weak acid is 50% dissociated. % ionisation of a weak acid = % ionisation of…

Q: You are super jazzed because your protein is purified and at a concentration of 600 μg in 1.75 ml of…

A: In biochemistry, it’s often necessary to convert between diverse units of concentration. Here, we’re…

Q: Describe your first proposed step clearly in words (1-2 sentences) including the buffer/pH used.…

A: Proteins are biomolecules, that is compose of amino acids linked by the peptide bonds. Each protein…

Q: Protein Isoelectric pH Molecular weight (kDa) Ovalbumin 4.6 45 Insulin 5.4 5.7 Fibrinogen 5.8 340…

A: Two dimensional gel electrophoresis is a technique in which  electrophoresis in the first dimension…

Q: 1) Draw a chromatogram depicting separation of proteins 1, 2, and 3 (protein #1, mw 30,000, protein…

A: The diagram of chromatograph  is as follows-

Q: Figure 3: ● • . ● KDa ● 97.4 66.2 45.0 ● 31.0 21.5 14.4 S-1 p-1 2.8 2-d S.3 p-3 This figure was…

A: The study of protein behavior under different conditions is a fascinating aspect of molecular…

Q: Suppose you have a mixture of the following proteins protein A: pl = 3.5, mw = 35 kDa protein B: pl…

A: Cation exchange chromatography is defined as part of the ion-exchange chromatography. It is used to…

Q: Protein A is made up of a single polypeptide chain; The molecular mass of A is 20,000 Da; the A…

A: Protein has various levels of the organization. The primary structure of protein consists only of…

Q: Acetic acid (a weak acid with a pKa of 4.75) and ethanol (an alcohol) are each composed of two…

A: Membranes, that characterize the internal sections of eukaryotic cells such as the nuclei and…

Q: The molecular iodine (12) in betadine is susceptible to decomposition if exposed to direct sunlight,…

A: Redox titration using iodine is used to calculate the amount of Ascorbic acid in any sample. Vitamin…

Q: Does this calculation look correct? My goal isto have a target mass of 10 µg of my protein with a…

A: Yes this calculations look correct.since you want your final volume to be 30 microlitres you have to…

Q: An oligopeptide has the following amino acid sequence:…

A: Amino acids are the monomeric unit to form polypeptides. There are 20 different amino acids that…

Q: An antibody binds to another protein with anequilibrium constant, K, of 5 × 109 M–1. When it binds…

A: The equilibrium constant, K, expresses the relationship between a reaction's products and reactants…

Q: You are given a pure protein sample to characterize and provided the following information: Its…

A: Introduction  One or more long chains of amino acid residues make up the massive biomolecules and…

Q: The following are structural diagrams of a selection of newly discovered amino acids. OH HO C-OH CH3…

A: The α-Amino acids are molecules made of a central C-atom (the C alpha  carbon atom), that is bonded…

Q: The pH vs charge graph for a triprotic amino acid is shown below. Please answer the following…

A: An amino acid with the ability to donate 3 protons (3 H+) is called a triprotic amino acid. The 3…

Q: Do you predict that this salt bridge will become stronger, become weaker, or be unaffected as pH…

A: Salt bridges are attractive interactions between two oppositely charged groups. So, more oppositely…

Q: J(@) |kidney tumour liver- liver, kidney tumour fat @1 @z @z fat (a) Determine at which frequency…

A: Medical technology has advanced significantly over the course of many centuries. According to…

Q: Consider a protein in which a negatively charged glutamic acid side chain (pKa=4.2) makes a salt…

A: Salt bridges are attractive interactions between two oppositely charged groups. So, more oppositely…

Q: 1.0 0.9 Z 0.8 15. A pharmaceutical company studied the binding of three different compounds, X, Y,…

A: Compound Z has the strongest affinity for the protein. This is indicated by the higher fractional…

Q: mechanism and what we learned about acid/base chemistry, why chymotrypsin would not be able to…

A: Chymotrypsin is an enzyme that is optimized to function at a neutral pH of around 7.4, which is the…

Metabolic pathways

Metabolism is defined as the group of life-supporting, enzyme-mediated chemical reactions in organisms. A metabolic pathway is a set of these chemical reactions that involve anabolism (synthesis of complex biomolecules) and catabolism (breakdown of biomolecules into small molecules) that occur inside a cell. Metabolites are the reacting substances, products, and intermediate substances of an enzymatic process that are altered by a series of chemical events catalyzed by enzymes.