The resting membrane potential is established by?  The Na+/K+-ATPase pumping Na+ into the cell and K+ out of the cell  The Na+/K+-ATPase pumping K+ into the cell and Na+ out of the cell  A larger diffusion of K+ out of the cell compared to diffusion of Na+ into the cell  A larger diffusion of K+ into the cell compared to diffusion of Na+ out of the cell  a) and d)  b) and c)

Q: Describe the effect of a blocker of cellular ATP production (e.g. anoxia plus sodium fluoride) on…

A: Considering the case as mentioned i.e. anoxia which refers to the oxygen Deficiency in cell. Here…

Q: How much time would it take ATP to diffuse the following distances? (Use the equation for mean…

A: The diffusion coefficient D for ATP (at 25 o C) =3.54 cm2/s. The mean square displacement equation…

Q: SNAT2 (a membrane protein) determines the cell’s content of most amino acids. It acts as a symport…

A: SNAT2 is a membrane protein that plays a crucial role in determining the cell's content of most…

Q: Initially, the solution in side A, with respect to that in side B, is what?   After the system…

A: Introduction Water potential is the measure of the tendency of water to move from one to another…

Q: What is the free energy change for the transport of calcium ions (Ca++) across a membrane from a…

A: Ions are distributed on either side of the cell membrane. The transport of ions across the membrane…

Q: Type of transport protein (channel or carrier/transporter?) K leak channel i glucose transporter…

A: Type Of  transport protein (channel or carrier/ transport)performs active or passive transport…

Q: Which type of transport is most likely used to export Na+ out of the cell?

A: The plasma membrane is selectively permeable. This means that the membrane allows some materials to…

Q: In which way are voltage-gated ion channels and active transporters similar?  a   they are…

A: The molecules and ions can travel through the membranes. The membranes include the cell membrane,…

Q: What would happen in each of the following cases where something related to intracellular transport…

A: Signal sequences are attached to a newly formed protein . It provides an address to transport them…

Q: What is receptor-mediated transport? Explain.

A: Different molecules are transported from one cell to another. The movement of molecules across the…

Q: Please answer both questions:  1) The sodium-potassium pump: a) equalizes the charge distribution…

A: Neurons are the basic unit of the nervous system and are responsible for transmitting information to…

Q: Consider the mechanism of net NaCl secretion across an epithelium shown below: b) What is the…

A: Introduction: Sodium potassium pump is a type of coupled or co-transport in which transport of one…

Q: The uneven distribution of ions across the plasma membrane is regulated, in part, by transport…

A: Resting membrane potential can be defined as a stage when the Nerve cells are not excited. Resting…

Q: Glucose transport across cell membranes varies depending upon blood glucose levels.  When glucose…

A: Facilitated diffusion In this diffusion the passive transport of substances across the membrane…

Q: Which of the following is ther eason why the potassium leaves the cell readily at the peak of the…

A: The electrical potential across the neural membrane when the neuron is at rest i.e unstimulated…

Q: Explain the mechanism of action of the Na+/K+ pump. If these pumps became non-functional due to a…

A: Jens Christian Skou, a Danish physicist who won the Nobel Prize in 1997 for his work on the…

Q: 5 The Na+/K+ transporter displays the following properties A) it functions as an antiport,…

A: The cell membrane is a structure which protects the cell and acts as a barrier and transports the…

Q: When we discuss the "physiological concentrations of Na* and K+", what actually sets these…

A: Active Transport: Active transport is a type of cellular transport mechanism in which cells move…

Q: Describe the mechanism through which a potassium channel can selectively move K* ions across a…

A: Answer : The awareness gradient and the huge range of K+ ion leak channels permit kt to be inhibited…

Q: Number of glucose carrier proteins in membrane Glucose diffusion rate (mM/sec) 300 0.0015 500…

A: INTRODUCTION Glucose carrier protein It is a facultative transport protein involved in glucose…

Q: Interpret the effect of hyperkalemia with reference to Goldman’s equation. a) What happens to rate…

A: Introduction  Hyperkalemia refers to a condition in which there is an elevated level of potassium…

Q: Compare and contrast how an ion (e.g., Na+) is transported across the plasma membrane versus how a…

A: In the case of active transport, Na+ is transported via the sodium-potassium pump, which moves Na+…

Q: Choose high or low When the ion binding sites pumps are open to the inside of the cell the pump has…

A: The sodium potassium pump transports three sodium ions out of the cell when it opens inside the…

Q: How does the Na+–K+pump exchange sodium ions forpotassium ions across the plasma membrane? What…

A: This is example of active transporter which require ATP as energy source for transport against the…

Q: What will happen if the concentration gradient is high inside the cell and low outside the cell?…

A: Plasma membrane is semi permeable and allow the selection of some material to transport across the…

Q: The comparison of the simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion and active transport are shown in the…

A: Diffusion is the movement of molecules from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower…

Q: Discuss carrier-mediated transport. How could you experimentally distinguish between the different…

A: Carrier mediated transport: It is an energy dependent pathway which is generally used by small…

Q: What would happen in each of the following cases where something related to intracellular transport…

A: Peptide has two ends: the end with a free amino group is called the N-terminal amino acid residue.…

Q: Initial Extracellular fluid Solute Plasma membrane Cytoplasm В

A: Ans : The panel D represents the situation in which the concentration gradient of solute is…

Q: Which of the following statements about "leak channels" in the plasma mem- brane is correct? A.…

A: Introduction - The sodium ions concentration inside the cell is low, while the sodium ions…

Q: For a typical cell that is 100 times more permeable to K* than to any other ion, use the Goldman…

A: Introduction  The smallest unit in biology that can sustain life on its own and makes up all living…

Q: Liver cells are in contact with the blood and exchange a variety of substances with the blood plasma…

A: Plasma membrane is not permeable to all molecules. charge molecules are not permeable to plasma…

Q: Define anterograde axoplasmic transport. Why is this type of axonal transport necessary in most…

A: Introduction :- The transportation of mitochondria, lipids, synaptic vesicles, proteins, and other…

Q: In cotransport (indirect active transport) (a) a uniporter moves a solute across a membrane against…

A: Indirect active transport uses the downhill flow of an ion to pump some other molecule or ion…

Q: Calculate the maximum ratio that can be achieved by the plasma membrane Na+-glucose symporter of an…

A: The greater the permeability of the plasma membrane for a given ion, the greater will be the…

Q: For each type of membrane transport, know the following: – Is a transporter protein required? If so,…

A: The plasma membrane is the selective barrier that separates and protects the inner cellular contents…

Q: Explain the contribution of the Na+/K+ pump activity to the genesis and maintenance of the resting…

A: The channels are the particular transmembrane proteins that are responsible for transportation of…

Q: The contraction of cardiac muscle cells results from the increase in Ca?+ levels in the cytosol. For…

A: Digitalis is a drug obtained from the dried leaves of Digitalis purpurea and used in medicine to…

Q: After thinking about it you realise that there must be some information that is incorrect or missing…

A: Artificial membrane It is also called a synthetic membrane which is created to mimic a cell membrane…

Osmosis

In simple words, osmosis is the slow, gradual movement of a liquid through a membrane. But there are nuances to this process. For instance, there has to be an imbalance in the distribution of solute in the liquid on either side of the membrane, which has to be semipermeable. The liquid in the region with a lower solute concentration moves to the region with a higher concentration, thereby displacing the solution in the process. The objective is to equalize the concentration of molecules on both sides of the membrane; the displacement of liquid can be viewed as a byproduct of this equalization. Since there is no energy required to carry osmosis, it is considered a passive process.