There are differences in Na+, K+, and Cl- ion concentrations across the membrane.  Knowing that ions like to flow down their respective concentration gradients explain how the movement of Cl- and K+ ions can result in membrane hyperpolarization.

Q: Which of the following is the most important contributor to the difference between the resting…

A: A membrane's voltage varies rapidly in a series known as action potentials.

Q: In this cartoon, imagine that Romeo is a potassium ion (K+) and Juliet is a sodium ion (Na+).…

A: The plasma membrane of the cell regulates the entry and exit of different molecules according to…

Q: If an ion has the same concentration on both sides of the membrane, then Eion will be: O Positive O…

A: The equilibrium potential for an ion is the electrical potential at which the electrical gradient…

Q: What is tne value of VX P in tne Table 6? Table 6. Data on Volume-Pressure Relationship Trial volume…

A: Answer- The value of V*P is given below-   Trial       Volume (L)      Pressure (atm)…

Q: Explain how the concentration gradient determines the rate and amount of material that diffuses…

A: Diffusion -It is the process of passive transport in which molecules move from the zone of higher…

Q: Which type of transport is most likely used to export Na+ out of the cell?

A: The plasma membrane is selectively permeable. This means that the membrane allows some materials to…

Q: Na+/k+ pump  NCX Ca2+ pump funny channels leak channels chloride shift for all transporters which…

A: Transport is a process of movement of materials such as organic molecules, ions, other substances…

Q: Gap junctions are dynamic structures that, like conventional ion channels, are gated: they can close…

A: An animal cell comprises of various types of intercellular junctions that form both structural as…

Q: Explain the mechanism of action of the Na+/K+ pump. If these pumps became non-functional due to a…

A: Jens Christian Skou, a Danish physicist who won the Nobel Prize in 1997 for his work on the…

Q: List three types of movment displayed by molecules in the plasma membrane. Which type of molecule is…

A: Plasma membrane is a phospholipid bilayer. It acts as a barrier between the interior and the…

Q: Describe the mechanism through which a potassium channel can selectively move K* ions across a…

A: Answer : The awareness gradient and the huge range of K+ ion leak channels permit kt to be inhibited…

Q: How does the Na+/K+ pump contribute to the development of a membrane potential?

A: Na+/K+ pump or Sodium-Potassium pump is an enzyme present in cell membrane of all animals.Its role…

Q: Blood volume must be restored in a person who has lost large amounts of blood due to serious injury.…

A: Answer- For the blood restoration in an injured person isotonic solution is given only.

Q: How do gradients affect the movement of substances across the membrane.

A: The outermost layer of live cells is called the plasma membrane or cell membrane. The membrane…

Q: If sodium permeability were to increase compared to normal what would be the resulting effect on the…

A: Membrane potential It refers to the difference in the electric potential between the inside and the…

Q: If the solute concentration is greater inside the cell than outside the cell, water will move by…

A: When osmosis takes place there is no expenditure of energy in the form of ATP hence it is classified…

Q: If the percent difference is a positive number, what does this tell us about the movement of water…

A: The cell membrane, which regulates the movement of liquids, dissolved solids, and gases into and out…

Q: High Potassium can cause the symptoms seen in hyperkalemia. What about low potassium, known as…

A: Hypokalemia is a condition characterized by decreased levels of potassium ions in blood. The normal…