The COVID-19 vaccines are RNA-based (the RNA codes for a viral antigen).  Nucleic acid-based vaccines have been discussed for awhile, but I was surprised that the companies decided on an RNA-based vaccine instead of a DNA-based one (given the instability of RNA compared to DNA).  Use your knowledge of molecular biology to discuss the advantages of an RNA-based vaccine over a DNA-based vaccine.

Q: Can you please pick the right answer in each parentheses? The spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 is a…

A: The spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 is a carbohydrate

Q: Using the terminology you have learned in class, explain how injecting a patient with Corona virus…

A: Introduction Coronaviruses (CoV) Are A Broad Group Of Viruses That Can Cause Everything From A…

Q: 6. Knowing that the virus from Washington probably arose first, make a list below predicting the…

A: A sequence alignment is a method of organizing DNA, RNA, or protein sequences to find patterns of…

Q: Please choose the correct answer. Initial DNA nucleotides are added by reverse transcriptase from…

A: Reverse transcriptase is RNA dependent DNA polymerase. It transcribes ssRNA into DNA.

Q: (A)What strategy/type of vaccine would you pursue with the hopes of developing a vaccine to a new…

A: *Coronaviruses large and enveloped RNA viruses containing single stranded RNA positive sense strand.…

Q: An experiment was performed in mice.  Wild-type bone marrow is used to reconstitute lethally…

A: The immune system is the body’s defense mechanism against infections and invading pathogens and is…

Q: 1) Once the JJ vaccine enters the human cells, what must happen in order for a spike protein to be…

A: Vaccines are basically inactivated or weakened portions of a pathogen that are introduced into the…

Q: Hello, I just need a essay about Preventive measures of Covid-19 with a title of 'Health Equity in…

A: Covid 19: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious illness caused by the coronavirus 2…

Q: Describe and explain the difference in results if the serial dilution step of the T4 bacteriophage…

A: The T4 bacteriophage is a type of virus that infects bacterial cells. It is a complex virus that has…

Q: When Wimmer and coworkers announced that they had synthesized the poliovirus, they created…

A: A pathogen or infectious agent is defined as a biological agent that will cause disease or illness…

Q: Hello! Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of targeted vs mass control using Avian influenza.

A: Avian influenza is also called bird flu, it is the disease caused by the infection of avian or bird…

Q: How the use of the nucleic acid vaccine gives protection against diseases like COVID-19. Please…

A: We know that Vaccines are usually prepared using a minimal amount of the weakened or dead form of…

Q: 2. You sequence the integrase protein region of two HIV viruses to investigate their differences.…

A: dS and dN values are the rate of synonymous and non-synonymous substitution, respectively. dN =…

Q: Antigenic drift refers to: A.The reassortment of genomic segments from different viruses B.Cytotoxic…

A: The immune response or immune reaction is produced by the immune system against the antigen that…

Q: design a method to treat the most common mutation that causes sickle cell anemia using CRISPR/Cas.…

A: CRISPR Technology/  Clustered regularly  interspersed  short palindromic repeats is the technology…

Q: Briefly explain what type of disease COVID-19 is and how it is transmitted. Select one of the…

A: Covid-19 is an emerging disease which has been acting as a pandemic lately. Millions of people are…

Q: A virophage is best descirbed as:(a) A bacteriophage that requires a helper virus(b) An animal virus…

A: Viruses are obligate parasites. They are non cellular entities which have their RNA (ribonucleic…

Q: Your friend hasn't been feeling well, and you think that she should get tested because it could be a…

A: PCR or polymerase chain reaction is a lab procedure that amplifies fragments of DNA or RNA by using…

Q: We now have at least three SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 vaccines approved by the FDA for use in the United…

A: The vaccines are: 1. Pfizer-BioNTech – Authorized on December 11, 2020 2. Moderna – Authorized on…

Q: Within the long-terminal repeat in the retrovirus genome is a PBS. If the PBS was mutated such that…

A: Retroviruses is a virus that uses RNA as its genetic material. The life cycle of retrovirus  contain…

Q: What type of vaccines are the following for COVID-19: Pfizer, Moderna, and Johnson and Johnson? How…

A: There are numerous vaccination varieties, including: vaccines that are inactivevaccines made using…

Q: s a scientist in Company X, please design a mRNA vaccine targeting SARS-CoV-2 y providing the…

A: SARS-COVID-2 is defined as a severe acute viral respiratory syndrome caused by a SARS-associated…

Q: Which of the following best describes the approach that wasused in the first gene therapy trial for…

A: SCID means severe combined immunodeficiency. It is a group of rare disorders which are caused due to…

Q: Kindly assist me with this one. I am really having a hard time writing an essay. Please. Thank you.

A: ANSWER: On 26 November 2021, WHO designated variant B.1.1.529 a variant of concern, following advice…

Q: 1. Your company plans to develop two monoclonal antibodies in mice against Spike (S) proteins of…

A: The current Covid-19 epidemic has increased interest in creating mAbs that focus on the virus' Spike…

Q: Describe two advantages of an attenuated vaccine over an inacti­vated one.

A: Live vaccine are produced by reducing the virulence (disease causing capacity), whereas killed or…

Q: Why doesn't the influenza vaccine offer more than a few months of protection?

A: The vaccination provides the protection to the person from various kinds of infective diseases. So,…

Q: Why are retroviruses prone to accumulating oncogenes?

A: Retro viruses can cause backward flow of information from RNA to DNA. They contains the enzyme…

Q: Do the mRNA covid-19 vaccine have safety issues and does the mRNA vaccine is not safe? I need full…

A: covid-19 vaccines are mRNA vaccines, these are a new type of vaccines which are used against…

Q: Why are mutations in the spike protein of special interest in regard to vaccine evasion? O Because…

A: The covid-19 pandemic has shook the entire world. The infectivity of the virus strain is of much…

Q: Create a cloning approach that will allow the expression of the SARS-CoV 2 nucleoprotein (NP) in…

A: A gene is a distinct unit of genetic information that is necessary for the creation of a…

Q: majority of cancers in human are due to mutations in the p53 gene, however, cancers that are caused…

A: P 53 protein is also known as the tumor suppressor protein which is a type of phosphoprotein edit…

Q: During the [X) phase of CRISPR-Cas9 defense, sequences from a new bacteriophage that infects the…

A: Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats abbreviated as CRISPR refers to a family…

Q: Briefly answer each bullet point. Thank you. • What is injected into your body in COVID-19 vaccines…

A: COVID-19 is the disease which is a pandemic disease caused by a virus belonging to the coronavirus…

Q: Choose the correct answer : Human Papillomaviruses are characterised by all of the following…

A: The HPV is termed as the human papillomavirus. The infection caused by this can be transmitted from…

Q: How are inactivated vaccine and mRNA vaccine produced? From what you know about DNA technology and…

A: Vaccines come in several forms. Each type is intended to instruct your immune system on how to…

Q: I need help with these questions I’ve completed for biology homework. So basically it says “A…

A: Animals are used in laboratory research because they have organs and body systems comparable to…

Immunology

Immunology is the division of science involved with the immune reactions occurring in living organisms. The organisms are accustomed to evolving internal defense mechanisms to evade the invasion of microbial pathogens. Diverse cells are connected with stimulating the immune responses, which produce inhospitable conditions to the microbes prompting their lysis and thus inhibits the multiplication of the pathogens. The immune system can distinguish the pathogens through the aid of cellular intercommunication and launch responses to destroy them.