6. Knowing that the virus from Washington probably arose first, make a list below predicting the order, from first to last, in which the viruses from these states arose. a. Washington b. С. d. e.

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Could you please assist with question number 6 and why you chose that order?
**Title: Analyzing the Sequence of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Mutations**

The earliest SARS-CoV-2 infections in the United States were detected in the state of Washington in January 2020. Scientists have since sequenced SARS-CoV-2 genomes from infected individuals throughout the country.

**Sequence Data Overview**
Table 1 showcases sequence data for the gene that encodes the spike protein, which was sequenced from SARS-CoV-2 viruses collected in different states.

**Key Points in the Gene Sequence:**
- The gene’s sequence in the virus collected from Washington early in the pandemic is between 99% and 100% identical to those collected from Utah, Colorado, Kansas, and California later on.
- Mutations have occurred at specific points in the gene over time.

**Table 1: Sequence Data and Mutational Differences**
The table presents data on the sequences of spike proteins from SARS-CoV-2 viruses collected in different states from January to May 2020. During amplification and sequencing, viral RNA genomes are converted to DNA.

| State       | Position in the sequence alignment                 | Number of differences |
|-------------|-----------------------------------------------------|-----------------------|
|             | 1059 | 3037 | 14408 | 18060 | 23403 | 25563 | 28144 |                       |
| Washington  | C    | T    | C     | T     | A     | G     | C     | -                     |
| Utah        | C    | T    | C     | T     | C     | G     | T     | 6                     |
| Colorado    | C    | T    | C     | C     | A     | G     | T     | 2                     |
| Kansas      | C    | T    | C     | T     | C     | G     | T     | 5                     |
| California  | T    | T    | T     | C     | G     | T     | T     | 7                     |

**Analysis Questions**

3. **Mutation Type in Table 1**  
   - Answer: a. Substitutions

4. **Stage of Viral Infection for Mutations**  
   - Explore the stage at which these mutations might occur during the viral infection.

5. **Filling in the Number of Nucleotide Differences**  
   - Calculate and fill in the differences between the virus from Washington and those from
Transcribed Image Text:**Title: Analyzing the Sequence of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Mutations** The earliest SARS-CoV-2 infections in the United States were detected in the state of Washington in January 2020. Scientists have since sequenced SARS-CoV-2 genomes from infected individuals throughout the country. **Sequence Data Overview** Table 1 showcases sequence data for the gene that encodes the spike protein, which was sequenced from SARS-CoV-2 viruses collected in different states. **Key Points in the Gene Sequence:** - The gene’s sequence in the virus collected from Washington early in the pandemic is between 99% and 100% identical to those collected from Utah, Colorado, Kansas, and California later on. - Mutations have occurred at specific points in the gene over time. **Table 1: Sequence Data and Mutational Differences** The table presents data on the sequences of spike proteins from SARS-CoV-2 viruses collected in different states from January to May 2020. During amplification and sequencing, viral RNA genomes are converted to DNA. | State | Position in the sequence alignment | Number of differences | |-------------|-----------------------------------------------------|-----------------------| | | 1059 | 3037 | 14408 | 18060 | 23403 | 25563 | 28144 | | | Washington | C | T | C | T | A | G | C | - | | Utah | C | T | C | T | C | G | T | 6 | | Colorado | C | T | C | C | A | G | T | 2 | | Kansas | C | T | C | T | C | G | T | 5 | | California | T | T | T | C | G | T | T | 7 | **Analysis Questions** 3. **Mutation Type in Table 1** - Answer: a. Substitutions 4. **Stage of Viral Infection for Mutations** - Explore the stage at which these mutations might occur during the viral infection. 5. **Filling in the Number of Nucleotide Differences** - Calculate and fill in the differences between the virus from Washington and those from
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