The Bcl-2 protein was initially discovered via its ability to contribute to progression of B-cells to a cancerous "lymphoma" phenotype. 1) Define the mutation that was associated with the change in Bcl-2 in these cells. 2) Is Bcl-2 an oncogene or a tumor suppressor gene? 3) Define the role of Bcl-2 in normal cellular function and how this changed in Bcl-2 associated lymphoma.

Q: How can the role of epigenetics in cancer be reconciled with the idea that cancer is caused by the…

A: Epigenetics is the study of various alterations in an organism occurred because of certain gene…

Q: Gain-of-function mutations could contribute to cancer progression if the mutant gene is,   a) p53…

A: Loss-of-function mutations are changes to a gene that results in a decrease or loss of the gene’s…

Q: #1)  Hyperplastic growth are not cancerous yet but show a higher than normal proliferation rate.…

A: ANSWER) TRUE Hyperplastic growth is the increase in the number of cells and therefore the…

Q: 1

A: Cancer in simple term can be referred to a set of diseases which are caused by the production of an…

Q: Why are some chromosomal regions amplified/deleted in a specific manner in certain tumor types?

A: Chromosomal amplification: Chromosomal amplification can be explained as the increase in the amount…

Q: Why is it harder to develop a drug that targets a tumor suppressor gene compared to an oncogene…

A: Uncontrolled cell division in the cells may result into the tumor formation. Sometimes the cells may…

Q: Why is it important to model cancer through the generation of induced pluripotent stem cells ?…

A: Medical technology has advanced significantly over the course of many centuries. According to…

Q: What are the normal functions of the BRCA1 tumor suppressor gene?

A: The BRCA1 gene codes for the protein that causes breast cancer type 1. BRCA1 is a human tumour…

Q: Heterotypic interactions of tumor cells have been a fertile area for potential therapeutic…

A: Cancer is a major disorder and it causes development of abnormal cells & they divide…

Q: What is the difference between an oncogene and a tumor-suppressor gene? Give some examples of the…

A: Cell proliferation, cell differentiation, and cell survival are under the control of some critical…

Q: Characterize the differences between tumor cells and normal cells in terms of the following…

A: A. The normal cell shows contact inhibition that means when two cells get contact then the growth…

Q: You’re researching the effect of two drugs (Drug A and Drug B) on colon carcinoma cells in vitro.…

A: The condition involving the uncontrollable growth of body cells in an abnormal way is referred to as…

Q: Explain why mutations in tumor suppressor genes are recessive (both copies of the gene must be…

A: Mutation in an organism is defined as a permanent alteration of “nucleotide sequences”. The…

Q: Part A and B A. What is the normal function of the Rb protein? A) Rb prevents the cell cycle from…

A: Answer A) Rb is Retinoblastoma protein which is a tumor suppressor protein and belongs to pocket…

Q: Out of these 8 hallmarks ( sustaining proliferative signaling, evading growth suppressors, resisting…

A: The cells multiply by cell division. It is a controlled process for the growth and development of…

Q: Which is a.) Reduction of cancer risks b.) Correction of cancer genes or c.) Destruction of cancer…

A: Cancer is a disease caused by the uncontrolled proliferation of cells due to the defects in the cell…

Q: Explain the role of p53 protein in protecting normal cells against cancer. With respect to this…

A: The cell is the primary unit of all living entities. The normal cell undergoes some necessary…

Q: Describe three popular methods for silencing tumor-suppressor genes.

A: Introduction Tumor suppressor genes are those that slow down the division and development of cells.…

Q: Explain why IC3 is able to stop cancerous cells from dividing ?

A: Tumor-suppressor proteins are those proteins that normally act to stop abnormal cell growth. But…

Q: Genetic tests that detect mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 oncogenes are widely available. These…

A: Young woman in a suspected breast cancer family takes the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genetic tests and receives…

Q: "In the cellular regulatory pathways that control cell growth and proliferation, the products of…

A: Normal genes that are changed to become oncogenes are known as proto-oncogenes. They carry out a…

Q: 20. In class, we discussed different types of genetic change that can cause a normal gene (proto…

A: There are two common causes of most cancers involves mutations in genes called proto-oncogenes and…

Q: What is the difference in an oncogene and tumor suppressor gene and how can each potentially lead to…

A: Cancer is group of diseases which are characterized by abnormal and unstoppable growth of cell and…

Q: Describe error prone polymerases and the process of translesion synthesis (TLS). In regards to tumor…

A: Translesion synthesis (TLS) is a method of overcoming stopped replication in which particular…

Q: Remember that DNA viruses inactivate tumor suppressor genes resulting in cancer. In Burkitt’s…

A: Translocation of c-myc occurs to one of the immunoglobulin foci. This leads to over expression of…

Q: Which of the following is an example of a proto-oncogene? 1) cell cycle inhibitor 2) tumor…

A: Oncogene The gene that are cancerous and divide cell abnormally.

Q: The "initiation" stage of cancer refers to:     a)  The stage where DNA is mutated, and permanent…

A: Introduction :  Cancer is defined by the following characteristics: • Uncontrolled…

Q: Cancer Cells need A.I.R in order to survive and proliferate. What does this stand for?   a.…

A: Oncogene activation requires genetic alterations in cellular protooncogenes. The result of these…

Q: One of the ways that we know what the RB protein does in cells is that its inactivation is a common…

A: Cell division refers to the process in which the parent cell is divided into two daughter cells.…

Q: Cancer cells are easier to maintain in culture than normal cells because a) they divide without the…

A: Cancer cells are mutated cells that are cultured in laboratories for studying various human…

Q: What would be the effect of a mutation that inactivates the p14ARF tumor suppressor upon p53…

A: p53 is known as a cellular tumor antigen 53 is a protein found in vertebrates that is responsible…

Q: In a Cervical Cancer screening program, 500 asymptomatic women were examined using the Pap smear…

A: Cervical Cancer screening program is a screening test for testing women who are at risk of cervical…

Q: I understand how nuclear factor-kB (NFKB) works in the inflammatory response but what is the…

A: Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), a transcription factor that is essential for inflammatory responses, is…

Q: Over time, cancer cells are known to produce weakly antigenic variants of cell surface proteins.…

A: Tumour antigens are those that are displayed on the surface of tumour cells by MHC class I or II…

Q: The answer did not address why most cancer mutations occur upstream of MAPK (ie. RAS (10-20% NRAS…

A: RAS protein is monomeric G protein , it will belongs in the GTPase super family of intracellular…

Q: Define the following terms: a. cell transformation b. oncogene c. apoptosis d. early response gene…

A: Gene regulation is the mechanism that acts to induce or repress the expression of the gene.that…

Q: The P63 and P53 have similar functionalities in the cell, however, p53 is rarely associated directly…

A: Tumor protein 63 (p63) could also be a transcription factor of the p53 gene family encoded by the…