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- Which is true for cancer cells: 1) Cell death occurs after a determined number of cell divisions 2) Contact with other cells reduces chance of cell division 3) Cell division occurs in the presence of stop signals.Part A and B A. What is the normal function of the Rb protein? A) Rb prevents the cell cycle from proceeding unless the cell is prepared to do so B) Rb causes cells to undergo apoptosis C) Rb promotes Cdk activation D) Each of the other selections is true E) Rb repairs damaged DNA B. How do tumors arise? A) When cell proliferation occurs at a higher rate than cell death B) When someone is infected with a tumor from another person C) When cell death occurs at a very high rate D) When cell proliferation occurs at a very low rateQ38
- Characterize the differences between tumor cells and normal cells in terms of the following properties. In cancer cells, how might each of these properties contribute to tumor progression? a) contact inhibition b) autocrine stimulation c) apoptosis d) senescence due to telomere shortening e) genomic stability f) angiogenises g) metastasisWhich of the following statements correctly describes a characteristic of tumor-suppressor gene? a) they are frequently overexpressed in cancerous cells. b) they are cancer-causing genes introduced into cells by viruses. c) they encode proteins that help prevent uncontrolled cell growth. d) they often encode proteins that stimulate the cell cycle.Why is p53 considered a tumor suppressor protein? Question 12 options: a) Because p53 normally detects breaks in DNA. b) Because p53 normally causes progression from G1 to S phase to halt until damaged DNA is fully repaired. c) Because p53 normally repairs breaks in DNA. d) Because p53 normally stimulates transcription of Repair Polymerase. e) Because p53 normally reduces the mutation rate of DNA polymerase.
- D) The level of carbon dioxide increases with the level of available oxygen. 60) The TP53 gene provides instructions for making a protein called tumor protein p53. Known as the guardian of the genome, this protein acts as a tumor suppressor, which means that it regulates cell division by keeping cells from growing and dividing too fast or in an uncontrolled way. The p53 protein is located in the nucleus of cells throughout the body, where it attaches directly to DNA and plays a critical role in determining whether the DNA will be repaired or the damaged cell will self- destruct (undergo apoptosis). If the DNA can be repaired, p53 activates other genes to fix the damage. If the DNA cannot be repaired, this protein prevents the cell from dividing and signals it to undergo apoptosis. eg Suppose chromosomes in a skin cell are damaged by ultraviolet radiation. If the damaged genes do not affect p53, which choice correctly predict if the cell will become cancerous and why? No, the cell will…Cytokinesis in plant cells is different than cytokinesis in animal cells. a) Explain why it has to be different, andb) briefly describe the processes in the two different cell types.a) How does Venetoclax, a BH3 mimetic, function in increasing cellular death? In your answer make sure you include what molecules Venetoclax binds and how this helps trigger cell death. b) How would addition of a BH3 mimetic increase cytoplasmic p53-mediated cellular death?
- Which of the following statements correctly describes p53? Which of the following statements correctly describes p53? A) It is a membrane receptor that binds to growth factors such as EGF. B) p53 binds to pre-replication complexes promoting the transition from G1 to S phase. C) p53 activates cyclin-CDK complexes. D) Activation of p53 leads to inhibition of the cyclin-CDK complexes. E) Cell division stops until p53 binds to DNA and repairs the damage.Explain the role of p53 protein in protecting normal cells against cancer. With respect to this protein and its function, explain how a normal cell turns cancerous.Which of the following is true with respect to cyclins and CDKs? A) CDKs promote progression of the cell cycle, cyclins function to inhibit progression of the cell cycle B) CDKs are the checkpoints in the cell cycle, and when bound to cyclins, they stop progression of the cell cycle C) CDKs will only work to promote progression of the cell cycle when complexed with their designated cyclins D) CDKs are rarely expressed during a cell's cycle, unless cyclins are present to act as transcription factors .
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