Would a drug that induced apoptosis or one that induced necrosis be preferable for treatment of cancer? Why? Why might there be different results for Etoposide as an anti-cancer agent for different cell lines?

Q: Describe the general process of cell signalling pathways: what events take place for a signal to…

A: * mainly there are Three Stages of Cell Signaling . The first one is reception and here the signal…

Q: Explain how p53 functions as a tumor suppressor gene. How can mutations in p53 lead to cancer, and…

A: Normal cell has low level of p53 protein. When DNA damage or other stress signals may trigger p53…

Q: Which of the following statements about tumor suppressor genes is FALSE? a) Inactivation of tumor…

A: False statement about tumor suppressor genes.

Q: Match each of the changes that can contribute to cancer with its correct description. Loss of…

A: Cancer is a disease where the cells grow uncontrollably. It may affect any part of the body and…

Q: Cancer-promoting mutations are likely to have different effects on the activity of proteins encoded…

A: Cancer is the unnatural and excessive proliferation of cells that becomes harmful to normal body…

Q: Explain the mechanism of Warburg effect and how it benefits cancer cells

A: The question is based on Warburg effect.

Q: Virtually all cancer treatments are designed to killcancer cells, usually by inducing apoptosis.…

A: Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia (APL or APML) is a cancer of the white blood corpuscles. Abnormal…

Q: Which of the following is NOT an example of fail-safe mechanisms that prevent the irregular cell…

A: Cancer is the uncontrolled cell division where he ell continuously divides. Cancer cells thus become…

Q: Which of these is a characteristic of cancer cells? a. They do not exhibit contact inhibition. b.…

A: Cancer cells are specialized cells that possess the ability of uncontrolled division, leading up to…

Q: What is the difference between an oncogene and a tumor-suppressor gene? Give some examples of the…

A: Cell proliferation, cell differentiation, and cell survival are under the control of some critical…

Q: Describe in detail the relevance of apoptosis to cancer therapy

A: Apoptosis or programmed cell death  It is a highly regulated process that allows a cell to self…

Q: How interfered regulatory machinery results in production of tumor?

A: Eukaryotes have well-organized nucleus. prokaryotes are devoid of nuclear arrangements. genome…

Q: The “Hayflick limit” is the number of times cells growing in tissue culture will divide before cell…

A: Introduction  Ageing of cells can be attributed to several factors such as degradation of cellular…

Q: Define tumor-suppressor genes. Why is a mutation in a single copy of a tumor-suppressor gene…

A: Tumor-supressor genes: Tumor-suppressor genes is defined as normal genes that will slow down the…

Q: Although tobacco smoking is responsible for a large number of human cancers, not all smokers develop…

A: Cancer refers to the uncontrolled cell division caused by the mutations in the genes which control…

Q: p53 can trigger apoptosis if certain cell-cycle events fail. How does this regulatory outcome…

A: Apoptosis is the programmed cell death. Apoptosis is one of the important events in development that…

Q: In your own words, explain how cancer cells differ from normal cells in regard to the following:…

A: Cancer is a very complex disease that causes a cell to divide uncontrollable. Different causes are…

Q: The myc oncogene increases expression of the glutamine transporter and glutaminase that converts…

A: Cancer is a disease defined by the uncontrolled development of a group of abnormal cells that can…

Q: Which of the following is not a tumor suppressor gene? a.RET b.RB c.BRCA1 d.BRCA2

A: A normal cell undergoes regulated division, differentiation, and apoptosis (programmed cell death).…

Q: Tissues and differentiation: a) Explain what is meant by determination and differentiation b)…

A: In biology, the process of determination is related to the process in which embryonic stem cells…

Q: BAX proteins stimulate apoptosis. Mutations in BAX genes can help developing cancers but not…

A: BAX is more widely expressed in tissues and is involved in the cell death regulation both in…

Q: A research study indicated that an agent in cigarette smoke caused the silencing of a tumor…

A: The TP53 gene provides instructions for making a protein called tumor protein p53 (p53). This…

Q: In some cancer cells, a specific gene has been duplicated many times. Is this gene likely to be an…

A: Cancer is an uncontrolled division of cell that has a defunct apoptosis mechanism. Usually, when…

Q: How ion channels will specifically target the cancer cell and not the normal cells or the cells…

A: Apoptosis also known as organized cell death is a mechanism through which a cell, which is no longer…

Q: Why would a mutation in BRCA1 be considered a driver mutation?  b. Based on what you’ve learned…

A: In this question, we  have to answer 'BRCA gene consider as driver mutation and ATM consider as a…

Q: Why is cancer a disease of individual cells? Because cancer involves cell proliferation None of the…

A: Cancer is defined as uncontrolled division of cells.

Q: What role do cell check points have in cancer ?

A: Cancer is a disease that is associated with uncontrolled division of cells and invasion of…

Q: Most forms of cancer involvea. the activation of a single oncogene.b. the inactivation of a single…

A: The medical condition of cancer is characterized by the abnormal growth pattern of the cells…

Q: Tumor suppressor proteins can assist in slowing down the cell cycle under appropriate conditions. In…

A: Mutation can be classified in many ways - like point mutations are substitutions, frameshift…

Q: Of the following choices a loss of function mutation would most lukely contribute to cancer onset if…

A: Normal DNA contains a particular sequence of DNA. If the sequence of DNA is changed due to external…

Q: Cells in a tumor contain mutated copies of a particular gene that promotes tumor growth. Gene…

A: An oncogene helps in control cell division and  contributes to cancer progression whereas a tumor…

Q: Describe the relationship between cell cycle and link to cancer. Use the following terms in your…

A: The cell cycle is a flow of various events that consist of cell division and cell growth. This cycle…

Q: What is the difference between a proto-oncogene and a tumor suppressor gene?  How can mutations in…

A: Proto-oncogenes are normally switched off. But when they get activated they cause tumors. On the…

Q: Why don’t all loss-of-function mutations that are recessive at the cellular level behave as…

A: Loss of function mutation is otherwise known as inactivating mutations. This type of mutation is…

Q: Can restoring tumor suppressor function, such as mutant p53 or pRb, be used to cure cancer? If…

A: The Cell division is the process through which one cell divides into two identical daughter cells.…

Q: Mention what are the important functions of apoptosis

A: The cellular masses present between the embryonic fingers are destroyed in the process known as…

Q: How would our understanding of this regulation affect cancer prognosis and treatment?

A: The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a complex developmental process that allows cancer…

Q: Tissues and differentiation a)Explain what is meant by termination and differentiation ).b) Explain…

A: The question has been assumed to be "a)Explain what is meant by determination and…

Q: n order for certain cancers to propagate, they require a growth factor known as Vascular Endothelial…

A: Introduction:- VEGF A chemical produced by cells that promotes the creation of new blood vessels.…

Q: a. How could you use sequence analysis to determine if this patient inherited the mutation from one…

A: There are various diagnostic technique used to diagnose cancer and they are:- Biopsy, Breast MRI,…

Q: . Why is chronic inflammation a risk factor for cancers? Indicate as many answers as apply. O…

A: In chronic inflammation, the process of inflammation begins even if no injury does not end. An…

Q: Which component of cell division machinery is frequently targeted by anti-cancer drugs? Can you…

A: INTRODUCTION Cancerous tumors are characterized by uncontrolled cell division, which is absent in…

Q: Describe how the tumor-suppressor genes Rb, p53 and p21 regulate the cell cycle.

A: Tumor suppressor gene  These gene controls the activity of cell division cycles. They decide whether…

Q: The diagram shows the relative activity of a proto-oncogene and a tumor supressor gene in a normal…

A: Proto oncogene: The gene that is important for normal cell growth. Mutations in these proto…

Q: Some cancers have been treated with drugs that demethylate DNA.Explain how these drugs might work.…

A: Cancer is a disease that is associated with genetic changes. The mutations in the oncogenes and…

Q: Why do cancer cells undergo EMT and MET? What are the cellular changes (expression or suppression of…

A: Answer

Genomic studies

Genomic studies (genomics) is the study of the whole genome of an organism. Using bioinformatics and high-performance computing, genomic researchers examined massive amounts of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)-sequence data to discover variations or mutations that affect drug response, health, or disease. Genomics is a much younger discipline than genetics, having only emerged in the last few decades as a result of technological advancements in DNA sequencing and computational biology.