Biology 2e
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781947172517
Author: Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark
Publisher: OpenStax
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Chapter 42, Problem 3VCQ
Figure 42.16 The Rh antigen is found on Rh positive red blood cells. An Rh-negative female can usually carry an Rh-positive fetus to term without difficulty. However, if she has a second Rh-positive fetus, her body may launch an immune attack that causes hemolytic disease of the newborn. Why do you think hemolytic disease is only a problem during the second or subsequent pregnancies?
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Figure 17.17 The Rh antigen is found on Rh-positive red blood cells. An Rh-negative female can usually carry an Rh-positive fetus to term without difficulty. However, if she has a second Rh-positive fetus, her body may launch an immune attack that causes hemolytic disease of the newborn. Why do you think hemolytic disease is only a problem during the second or subsequent pregnancies?
When a mother is Rh-, there is a chance the baby may have hemolytic disease of Newborns. Rh+
mothers do not have this issue.
Why? Rh- moms do not have the Rh antigen in their body. A Rh- mom can have a Rh+ baby
depending on the male sperm. During pregnancy, Rh- mom can be exposed to her baby's Rh
antigen.
Let's look at figure a) the first pregnancy. The Rh- mom is pregnant with a Rh+ baby. The baby
exposes the mom to Rh antigen during pregnancy. This first baby is delivered and is ok.
Figure (b) between pregnancies, the mother is exposed to the foreign antigen Rh and she makes
antibodies against Rh. She now has anti-D (anti-Rh) in her body.
Figure (c) her second pregnancy with a Rh+ baby. On the next pregnancy that the mom has with a
baby. The mom has the anti-D (anti-Rh) antibody in her system. The antibody will attack the
baby's RBCS with the Rh antigen on it.
When the baby's RBC's are attacked the RBC will hemolyse (hemo=RBC; Lysis=cut). This will
result in severe anemia. The lysed…
Which of the following statements is NOT correct about the immunological incompatibility between mother and baby?
Select one:
a. The baby’s Rh+ blood will never get in contact with the mother’s Rh– blood during the pregnancy as the placenta does not allow fetal blood cells to mix with the maternal blood.
b. When the mother has Rh– blood, anti-Rh antibody injection is given during her pregnancy to prevent any antibodies from forming.
c. If the baby is Rh+ and the mother is Rh–, it does not pose a problem as long as this is the mother’s first pregnancy.
d. Rh– blood has no rhesus factor proteins and therefore will produce antibodies for the Rh factor when exposed to Rh+ blood.
Chapter 42 Solutions
Biology 2e
Ch. 42 - Figure 42.11 Which of the following statements...Ch. 42 - Figure 42.14 Based on what you know about MHC...Ch. 42 - Figure 42.16 The Rh antigen is found on Rh...Ch. 42 - Which of the following is a barrier against...Ch. 42 - Although interferons have several effects, they...Ch. 42 - Which organelle do phagocytes use to digest...Ch. 42 - Which innate immune system component uses MHC I...Ch. 42 - Which of the following is both a phagocyte and an...Ch. 42 - Which immune cells bind MHC molecules on APCs via...Ch. 42 - What “self” pattern is identified by NK cells?...
Ch. 42 - The acquired ability to prevent an unnecessary or...Ch. 42 - A memory B cell can differentiate upon reexposure...Ch. 42 - Foreign particles circulating in the blood are...Ch. 42 - The structure of an antibody is similar to the...Ch. 42 - The first antibody class to appear in the serum in...Ch. 42 - What is the most abundant antibody class detected...Ch. 42 - Breastfed infants typically are resistant to...Ch. 42 - Allergy to pollen is classified as: an autoimmune...Ch. 42 - A potential cause of acquired autoimmunity is...Ch. 42 - Autoantibodies are probably involved in: reactions...Ch. 42 - Which of the following diseases is not due to...Ch. 42 - Different MHC I molecules between donor and...Ch. 42 - If a series of genetic mutations prevented some,...Ch. 42 - Explain the difference between an epitope and an...Ch. 42 - What is a naïve B or T cell?Ch. 42 - How does the Th1 response differ from the Th2...Ch. 42 - In mammalian adaptive immune systems, T cell...Ch. 42 - How do B and T cells differ with respect to...Ch. 42 - Why is the immune response after reinfection much...Ch. 42 - What are the benefits and costs of antibody cross...
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- the disease erythroblastosis fetalis develops in a fetus or a newborn infant with rh-positive blood and an rh-negative mother. symptoms result when maternal anti-rh antibodies cross the placenta and interact with the fetus' erythrocytes. what are the children of rh-positive mothers not at risk for this disease? why are rh-negative fetuses not at risk for this disease?arrow_forwardWould a mother need RhoGAM again with a third Rh 1 fetus?arrow_forwardFor the following mechanism that is thought to contribute to maternal–fetal tolerance, state whether you would consider it to be an example of T cell tolerization, control of responses by regulatory lymphocytes, immune deviation or immune privilege: a) Tissues at the maternal–fetal interface are populated with non-professional APCs that lack costimulatory moleculesarrow_forward
- You find your vegan neighbor with her one-year-old daughter at the hospital where you are training as a medical student. She tells you that her daughter is not doing well after switching from breast milk to a solid diet, and has started to grow pale and is sleeping all the time. You find that her height and weight are way below normal. A blood test reveals the hyper segmentation of neutrophil cells, an indicator of bone marrow malfunction. You deduce that she has pernicious anemia, and refer her to an experienced doctor. Explain the development of anemia in this case, and propose a long term treatmentarrow_forwardFor the following mechanism that is thought to contribute to maternal–fetal tolerance, state whether you would consider it to be an example of T cell tolerization, control of responses by regulatory lymphocytes, immune deviation or immune privilege: a) Placental cells express FasL and can kill Fas-expressing maternal T cells.arrow_forwardEven though instances of fetal, maternal ABO, incompatibility are common, severe hemolytic disease due to ABO incompatibility is rare. Which of the following best explains this difference? A) ABO incompatibility causes extensive extra medullary hematopoiesis B) antibodies against ABO antigens do not bind complement C) the maternal immune system is tolerant to ABO ANTIGENS D) most anti- A or anti- B antibodies are of IgM type and do not cross the placenta E) the presence of concurrent Rh incompatibility decreases the immunogenicity of erythrocytesarrow_forward
- You have a patient with prostate cancer. The cancer causes blood vessels to weaken and burst. The patient has a dangerously low Hematocrit and needs a blood transfusion. When you test his blood for type, here are the results: Anti-A- agglutination, Anti-B- agglutination, Anti-Rh- no reaction. 1. List all blood types he can receive. When you enthusiastically suggest that blood transfusions will help him, he protests that his religious beliefs disallow him from accepting transfusions. You will need to find a way to help his own body both retain the blood he has, and make new blood. 2. Based only on what we've learned so far re: blood and endocrine, come up with hypotheses about how you could do each. 3. Propose a mechanism of how EPO might work: what cells might it target, would it enter them, and what sorts of proteins might it activate? (This question references endocrine: how hormones work, and why it matters if they are water-soluble or fat-solube) 4. There is a drug called…arrow_forwardWhy is it that Rh incompatibility can be a serious problem when anRh-negative mother is carrying an Rh-positive fetus, but ABOincompatibility between mother and fetus is usually no problem?That is, a type A mother can usually safely carry a type B fetus.(Hint: The antibodies produced by an Rh-negative mother againstthe Rh antigen are usually IgG, whereas the antibodies producedagainst the A or B antigens are IgM.) Because the Rh antigenobviously serves no vital function (most humans lack it), why do youthink it hasn’t been completely eliminated during human evolution?arrow_forwardFor the following mechanism that is thought to contribute to maternal–fetal tolerance, state whether you would consider it to be an example of T cell tolerization, control of responses by regulatory lymphocytes, immune deviation or immune privilege: a) When effector T cells are generated, Th2 responses dominate.arrow_forward
- Select all the statements below that are true regarding hemolytic disease of the newborn. If a mother is Rh- and becomes sensitized with anti-Rh antibodies, all subsequent children will be affected Hemolytic disease of the newborn can only occur if the mother is Rh-. If an Rh- mother becomes sensitized, only her subsequent children with Rh+ blood will be affected If a mother is Rh- and her first child is Rh+, the child's RBCS will be attacked by the mother's antibodies.arrow_forwardThe class of immunoglobulins which can cross the placenta is -arrow_forwardThe book gives the example of an Rh- Mother and Rh+ fetus. You used a similar example in the video. But what happens in the reverse? Is there no problem because the antibodies from the mother don't view the baby as a threat; so, there is no need for a treatment like RhoGam for later pregnancies? I sent this question to the professor, but maybe I should have asked Bartleby. Sherri B. Greenarrow_forward
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