Biology 2e
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781947172517
Author: Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark
Publisher: OpenStax
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Chapter 42, Problem 23CTQ
If a series of genetic mutations prevented some, blit not all, of the complement proteins from binding antibodies or pathogens, would the entire complement system be compromised?
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Why is the function of the complement system
The circulating cytokines that recruit large numbers of phagocytes to the area of
inflammation, resulting in pus, are called:
O1)
pyogens
O 2) pyrogens
3) interferons
O 4) defensins
The classical complement pathway is initiated by C1q binding to the surface of a pathogen. In some cases, C1q can directly bind the pathogen, for instance by recognizing proteins of bacterial cell walls, but in most cases C1q binds to IgM antibodies that are bound to the pathogen surface. How does this IgM-binding feature of C1q contribute to rapid, innate immune responses rather than to slow, adaptive responses?
C1q induces B lymphocytes to begin secreting antibody within hours of pathogen exposure.
Natural antibody that binds to many microbial pathogens is produced prior to pathogen exposure.
C1q binds to C-reactive protein which then binds to IgM on the pathogen surface.
C1q directly induces inflammation, recruiting phagocytes and antibodies from the blood into the infected tissue.
C1q binds to dendritic cells in the infected tissue, inducing them to secrete inflammatory cytokines.
Chapter 42 Solutions
Biology 2e
Ch. 42 - Figure 42.11 Which of the following statements...Ch. 42 - Figure 42.14 Based on what you know about MHC...Ch. 42 - Figure 42.16 The Rh antigen is found on Rh...Ch. 42 - Which of the following is a barrier against...Ch. 42 - Although interferons have several effects, they...Ch. 42 - Which organelle do phagocytes use to digest...Ch. 42 - Which innate immune system component uses MHC I...Ch. 42 - Which of the following is both a phagocyte and an...Ch. 42 - Which immune cells bind MHC molecules on APCs via...Ch. 42 - What “self” pattern is identified by NK cells?...
Ch. 42 - The acquired ability to prevent an unnecessary or...Ch. 42 - A memory B cell can differentiate upon reexposure...Ch. 42 - Foreign particles circulating in the blood are...Ch. 42 - The structure of an antibody is similar to the...Ch. 42 - The first antibody class to appear in the serum in...Ch. 42 - What is the most abundant antibody class detected...Ch. 42 - Breastfed infants typically are resistant to...Ch. 42 - Allergy to pollen is classified as: an autoimmune...Ch. 42 - A potential cause of acquired autoimmunity is...Ch. 42 - Autoantibodies are probably involved in: reactions...Ch. 42 - Which of the following diseases is not due to...Ch. 42 - Different MHC I molecules between donor and...Ch. 42 - If a series of genetic mutations prevented some,...Ch. 42 - Explain the difference between an epitope and an...Ch. 42 - What is a naïve B or T cell?Ch. 42 - How does the Th1 response differ from the Th2...Ch. 42 - In mammalian adaptive immune systems, T cell...Ch. 42 - How do B and T cells differ with respect to...Ch. 42 - Why is the immune response after reinfection much...Ch. 42 - What are the benefits and costs of antibody cross...
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- What is the difference between innate immunity and adaptive immunity?arrow_forwardWhat will happen to the human immune system when a microorganism invading the body lacks the inherent ability to activate complement or bind to phagocytes?arrow_forwardComplement receptors and Fc receptors both contribute to removal of immune complexes from the circulation. Surprisingly, individuals with defects in the early components of the classical complement cascade (i.e., C1, C2, or C4) suffer from an autoimmune type of kidney damage, rather than from an immunodeficiency leading to increased susceptibility to infections. Why do these complement defects lead to autoimmune kidney damage?arrow_forward
- Which of the following is not a consequence of activation of the complement system? Select one: a. Lysis of bacteria and other foreign cells b. Repair of damaged tissue c. Increased phagocytosis by phagocytic cells (opsonization) d. Attraction and activation of leukocytesarrow_forwardAlthough the immune system has two arms, it has been said, “No T cells, no immunity.” How is this so?arrow_forwardBoth antibodies and particular complement proteins, such as c3b, are capable of aiding phagocytes in attaching to bacteria. What term best describes these? O 1) opsonins O 2) haptens O 3) pyogens O 4) perforinsarrow_forward
- What are the three most important products of the complement system?arrow_forwardImmunity can be of many types: natural activeimmunity, natural passive immunity, artificial activeimmunity and artificial passive immunity. Which of theseforms of immunity confer immune memory?arrow_forwardWhy is complement low in lupus?arrow_forward
- The fundamental mechanism of the complement system?arrow_forwardWhich of the following proteins downregulates the classical complement cascade by breaking up the C3 convertase into individual C4b and C2a units? O Protectin (CD59) O Lectin O C1 Esterase Inhibitor O Decay Accelerating Factor (CD55) O MASParrow_forwardAcquired or adaptive immunity can be divided in to Natural Active, Natural Passive, Artificial Active, and Artificial Passive Immunity. Which types will lead to long lasting immune protection? Which will provide short term protection?arrow_forward
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