Species A, B, and C are related according to the phylogeny below (A,(B,C)). Species A and C diverged 10,000,000 generations ago, and species B and C diverged 100,000 generations ago. All three species are diploids. The mutation rate in their genomes is 1×10−9 mutations per basepair per generation. A gene found in all three species is 1,000 bp long. 75% of mutations in the gene are deleterious and 0% are beneficial. Use this information to answer the following questions. a) If there are 20 polymorphic synonymous sites in the gene in species A, how many non-synonymous sites do you expect to be polymorphic? Assume all synonymous changes are neutral. b) In species B, there are an average of two pairwise differences between individuals within the gene. What is the effective population size of species B? c) What do you expect FST to be between species B and C? Assume no migration between the species after they diverged.
Species A, B, and C are related according to the phylogeny below (A,(B,C)). Species A and C diverged 10,000,000 generations ago, and species B and C diverged 100,000 generations ago. All three species are diploids. The mutation rate in their genomes is 1×10−9 mutations per basepair per generation. A gene found in all three species is 1,000 bp long. 75% of mutations in the gene are deleterious and 0% are beneficial. Use this information to answer the following questions.
a)
If there are 20 polymorphic synonymous sites in the gene in species A, how many non-synonymous sites do you expect to be polymorphic? Assume all synonymous changes are neutral.
In species B, there are an average of two pairwise differences between individuals within the gene. What is the effective
What do you expect FST to be between species B and C? Assume no migration between the species after they diverged.
Phylogeny is the evolutionary history and relationships of a group of organisms, often depicted in the form of a phylogenetic tree or diagram. These trees illustrate the evolutionary branching and relatedness of species, showing their common ancestors and the sequence of divergence over time.
In the fields of evolutionary biology, ecology, and disciplines like systematics including comparative genomics, phylogenies are essential. They aid in the understanding of past interactions between species, the origins of features, and the forecasting of evolutionary processes and common ancestry.
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