A 1000 nucleotide region gets sequenced from 22 dipolid individs. find the expected time to the most common ancestor that is recent.

Q: Compare and contrast Organization of Genetic Material in prokaryotes and eukaryotes

A: Prokaryotes are unicellular organisms and eukaryotes are multicellular organisms. Prokaryotes lack…

Q: Described in detail how DNA alterations can form the basis of genomic evolution. Explain the impact…

A: Evolution is the process of a species' features changing over numerous generations through natural…

Q: Explain the process of duplication and divergence from an ancestral gene?

A: Gene duplication is an essential phenomenon for the acquisition of new genes and creating genetic…

Q: What characteristic of a genomic island suggests that it originated in another species?

A: A genomic island is defined as the portion of the genome which gives the idea with the evidence of…

Q: How many homoplasies are in the tree? Give the nucleotide position number(s) and tell what character…

A: Introduction -  Homoplasy occurs when characters are similar, but are not derived from a common…

Q: Describe the different classes of DNA sequence variation that exist in eukaryotes.

A: Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is the hereditary material that carries genetic information. In the case…

Q: researcher studying two species (species 1 and species 2) sequences a short stretch of eight codons…

A: Genes are the hereditary structures on DNA responsible for encoding a particular function/ trait.…

Q: Mammals and prokaryotes use DNA as the molecule of heredity. What does this imply?

A: DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid, is the genetic material in people and practically any other remaining…

Q: Contrast neutral molecular evolution withadaptive processes.

A: The neutral theory of molecular evolution holds that almost all evolutionary changes occur at the…

Q: If a sequence from another species showed a 96 percent sequence similarity to humans, would that…

A: Introduction  DNA and RNA are the main genetic material found in all the species irrespective of…

Q: a researcher studying two species (species 1 and species 2) sequences a short stretch of eight…

A: The question includes comparing the sequences of the same gene from two diverse species that had a…

Q: Suppose Meselson and Stahl labeled bacterial DNA with heavy nitrogen (15N, a stable isotope) and…

A: DNA belongs to the family of biomacromolecules known as nucleic acids that are formed of…

Q: In general, which of the following is expected to exhibit the lowest rate of evolutionarychange?a.…

A: Evolution is a natural process that includes several changes over many generations in the…

Q: the difference between the model of the white-eyedfly’s DNA sequence and the model of the red-eyed…

A: Morgan started breeding the white-eyed mutant fly and discovered that the trait was only present in…

Q: In the evolution of a new variant, explain the roles of genomic cytoplasmic gene factors, ecological…

A: In biology, the term evolution can be described as the change occurring in a biological population…

Q: Just as anatomical homology can lead to vestigial structuressuch as human wisdom teeth and the wings…

A: Darwin is one of the scientist that proposed the process that every new species is coming from…

Q: How is it possible for siblings to share the same DNA but have different ancestral results?

A: DNA, deoxyribonucleic acid,  is the genetic material that is present in almost all the living…

Q: What is an advantage of using mtDNA instead of nuclear DNA intracing evolution?

A: Nuclear DNA is present within the nucleus of eukaryotic organisms. It encodes a major part of the…

Q: (a) Explain how comparing the sequence of bases of genes and the sequence of amino acids of diferent…

A: Evolutionary relationships depicts common ancestry for the populations and the species using certain…

Q: the evolution of human globin genes as an example of gene duplication and a gene family.

A: Human globin gene encodes hemoglobin a rich heme pigment required for the transport of gases like…

Q: List three ways in which genomes can change overevolutionary time.

A: Evolution is the process of change in the characteristics of a species that requires several…

Q: Here are the first eighteen positions of DNA sequence alignment, taken from a gene shared by the six…

A: Introduction  A species is an organism's fundamental unit of classification, taxonomic rank, and…

Q: a) What species is considered as the outgroup? (b) What genetic marker is utilized to generate the…

A: (a) Outgroup is a species in the phylogentic tree which is distantly related to other species but…

Q: Many mutations can be corrected by DNA proofreading/ repair enzymes. What would happen to the…

A: BASIC INFORMATION  MUTATION  it is sudden or discontinuous variation these changes occurs in the…

Q: NOTE: 15N isotope is heavier than 14N found normally in the environment. light light heavy heavy…

A: The semiconservative type of DNA replication is when the old DNA strand is used as a template for…

Q: Mammals 10-8 Plants -Invertebrates Bacteria 10-9 Unicellular eukaryotes 10-10 `Archaean 107 108 109…

A: As we have saw in the given graph that bacteria and plants tend to have the much more mutation rate…

Q: An analysis of an octopus’s DNA determines that the nitrogen base thymine makes up 18 percent of the…

A: DNA has four nitrogen bases -  Adenine  Guanine  Thymine  Cytosine  Chargaff's rule said that DNA…

Q: When comparing evolutionary similarities between different genes within a gene family, it is usually…

A: A gene is a sequence of DNA that codes for a specific protein. Proteins are the building blocks of…

Q: Give only typing answer with explanation and conclusion What is the locus specific rate of…

A: The locus-specific rate of substitution is a measure of how fast mutations occur at a specific…

Q: b) Align the following sequences (don't just retype). i. ATTGCAGGAT ii. ATTGCTGAAT iii. ACGCTGAAT…

A: Multiple sequence alignment (MSA) is aligning more than 2 sequences at a time. The sequences to be…

Q: a rice species low high diverged six five whole genomes gene families homologous genes Duplication a…

A: Gene:  The term "gene" has a variety of meanings in biology. The molecular gene is a sequence of…

Q: transduction Would result in the false grouping of distantly related bacteria on a phylogeny:…

A: Bacteria are the microscopic, single-celled organisms that exist in millions, in the environment.…

Q: SEQUENCE 28 SEQUENCE 21 SEQUENCE 22 SEQUENCE 23 SEQUENCE 24 SEQUENCE 25 SEQUENCE 26 SEQUENCE 27

A: A phylogenic tree represents the evolutionary relationship between species or even proteins. The…

Q: How did the different members of families of genes, such as hemoglobin,                   arise…

A: During the evolution of vertebrates duplicated haemoglobin genes diverged with respect to functional…

Q: In the table below, the letters represent amino acids that make up a polypeptide found in all the…

A: According to the question, in the table, the letters represent amino acids that make up a…

Mitochondrial Mutations

A mitochondrion is a cellular organelle that serves as the site for cellular respiration and energy production (ATP or Adenosine Triphosphate). It is a double-membrane-bound organelle and is only present in eukaryotic cells.