QUESTION 1 Insulin can have pleiotropic (wide ranging) effects in cells because • The Insulin receptor phosphorylates a family of substrates inside cells. • There are over 20 versions of the Insulin receptor expressed in vertebrates. • The Insulin receptor heterodimerizes with the GH and PRL receptors. • MRAP (membrane associated receptor proteins) couple the Insulin receptor to different effector pathways inside cells. QUESTION 2 Cholecystokinin (CCK) is accurately described by which of the following statements? • It is not a member of a peptide hormone superfamily. • It binds to a 1 TMS receptor that signals through guanylate cyclase. • It is sulphated on tyrosine residues for full activity. • It is proteolytically released from POMC by gut cells. QUESTION 3 Insulin ... • is released from the pancreas in vertebrates and invertebrates. • Is released from the vertebrate pancreas in response to hyperglycemia. • is released from the vertebrate pancreas in a response to hypoglycemia. • is released from the invertebrate corpora allata in response to hypoglycemia. QUESTION 4 Members of the Insulin-family of peptides share which of the following? • Highly conserved glycine residues denoting the 'Insulin signature'. • Three peptide chains held together by cysteine-cysteine bonds. • Highly conserved cysteine residues denoting the 'Insulin signature'. • Two peptide chains held together by hydrogen bonds. QUESTION 5 When one compares the evolution of the hormonal control of vertebrate gut hormones, which of the following is seen? • More complex vertebrates possess unique hormones not seen in simpler animals. • More complex vertebrates have a more sophisticated collection of information from the gut. • There is no evidence for gain-of-function mutations in gut hormone evolution. • The same hormones always control the same physiology in simple compared to cunplex vertebrates. QUESTION 6 Insulin • is found in all animals and even plants and likely predates all multicellular organisms • Is the only hormone with a hypoglycemic effect. • is produced in the pancreas in vertebrates and invertebrates. • Is not structurally related to IGF. QUESTION 7 The hormone relaxin is structurally part of the Insulin superfamily of peptide hormones and binds to the Insulin receptor with high affinity. • True • False QUESTION 8 Which of the following is not a member of the Insulin superfamily of peptide hormone • Bombesin • IGF-I • Relaxin • IGF-II • GIP (gastric inhibitory peptide) QUESTION 9 Hormones control which of the following to affect digestion of food? • The release of hormones that affects feeding. • The absorption of nutrients. • The speed at which food moves through the gut. • Upregulation of the expression of amino acid transporters in gut epithelium. QUESTION 10 How does invertebrate hormones differ in their control of digestive processes compared to vertebrate hormones. • In contrast to vertebrate hormone, invertebrate hormones don't control secretion of substances into the digestive tract. • In contrast to vertebrate hormones, invertebrate hormones don't control the speed at which food moves through the digestive tract. • In contrast to vertebrate hormones, which are members of large peptide hormone gene families, invertebrate hormones are not. • Some are unique hormones, not members of larger hormone families that include vertebrate hormones. Question 11 Which of the following statement is true? • In vertebrates and invertebrates there are an incredible number of hormones secreted within the gut. • In vertebrates and invertebrates, hormones control secretion, movement, and digestion of food. • In vertebrates and invertebrates, gut peptide hormones are part of larger peptide harmone families. • In vertebrates and invertebrates, gut hormones have plelotropic effects. • In vertebrates and invertebrates, all of the above are correct. Answer all for my homework review

QUESTION 1 Insulin can have pleiotropic (wide ranging) effects in cells because • The Insulin receptor phosphorylates a family of substrates inside cells. • There are over 20 versions of the Insulin receptor expressed in vertebrates. • The Insulin receptor heterodimerizes with the GH and PRL receptors. • MRAP (membrane associated receptor proteins) couple the Insulin receptor to different effector pathways inside cells. QUESTION 2 Cholecystokinin (CCK) is accurately described by which of the following statements? • It is not a member of a peptide hormone superfamily. • It binds to a 1 TMS receptor that signals through guanylate cyclase. • It is sulphated on tyrosine residues for full activity. • It is proteolytically released from POMC by gut cells. QUESTION 3 Insulin ... • is released from the pancreas in vertebrates and invertebrates. • Is released from the vertebrate pancreas in response to hyperglycemia. • is released from the vertebrate pancreas in a response to hypoglycemia. • is released from the invertebrate corpora allata in response to hypoglycemia. QUESTION 4 Members of the Insulin-family of peptides share which of the following? • Highly conserved glycine residues denoting the 'Insulin signature'. • Three peptide chains held together by cysteine-cysteine bonds. • Highly conserved cysteine residues denoting the 'Insulin signature'. • Two peptide chains held together by hydrogen bonds. QUESTION 5 When one compares the evolution of the hormonal control of vertebrate gut hormones, which of the following is seen? • More complex vertebrates possess unique hormones not seen in simpler animals. • More complex vertebrates have a more sophisticated collection of information from the gut. • There is no evidence for gain-of-function mutations in gut hormone evolution. • The same hormones always control the same physiology in simple compared to cunplex vertebrates. QUESTION 6 Insulin • is found in all animals and even plants and likely predates all multicellular organisms • Is the only hormone with a hypoglycemic effect. • is produced in the pancreas in vertebrates and invertebrates. • Is not structurally related to IGF. QUESTION 7 The hormone relaxin is structurally part of the Insulin superfamily of peptide hormones and binds to the Insulin receptor with high affinity. • True • False QUESTION 8 Which of the following is not a member of the Insulin superfamily of peptide hormone • Bombesin • IGF-I • Relaxin • IGF-II • GIP (gastric inhibitory peptide) QUESTION 9 Hormones control which of the following to affect digestion of food? • The release of hormones that affects feeding. • The absorption of nutrients. • The speed at which food moves through the gut. • Upregulation of the expression of amino acid transporters in gut epithelium. QUESTION 10 How does invertebrate hormones differ in their control of digestive processes compared to vertebrate hormones. • In contrast to vertebrate hormone, invertebrate hormones don't control secretion of substances into the digestive tract. • In contrast to vertebrate hormones, invertebrate hormones don't control the speed at which food moves through the digestive tract. • In contrast to vertebrate hormones, which are members of large peptide hormone gene families, invertebrate hormones are not. • Some are unique hormones, not members of larger hormone families that include vertebrate hormones. Question 11 Which of the following statement is true? • In vertebrates and invertebrates there are an incredible number of hormones secreted within the gut. • In vertebrates and invertebrates, hormones control secretion, movement, and digestion of food. • In vertebrates and invertebrates, gut peptide hormones are part of larger peptide harmone families. • In vertebrates and invertebrates, gut hormones have plelotropic effects. • In vertebrates and invertebrates, all of the above are correct. Answer all for my homework review

Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)

11th Edition

ISBN:9780134580999

Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn

Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn

Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,...

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