Q waves on the electrocardiogram, according to Schinkel et al. (A-15), are often considered to be reflective of irreversibly scarred myocardium. These researchers assert, however, that there are some indications that residual viable tissue may be present in Q-wave-infarcted regions. Their study of 150 patients with chronic electrocardiographic Q-wave infarction found 202 dysfunctional Q-wave regions. With dobutamine stress echocardiography (DSE), they noted that 118 of these 202 regions were viable with information from the DSE testing. Construct a 90 percent confidence interval for the proportion of viable regions that one might expect to find a population of dysfunc- tional Q-wave regions.

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Q: risoners. A. Ehlers et al. studied various charac- eristics of political prisoners from the former…

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Types of Bias

Statistics is the study of data collection, organization, analysis, interpretation, and presentation. Statistical bias is a characteristic of a statistical technique or its findings in which the expected value deviates from the actual root quantitative parameter being estimated. According to the actual definition of bias, it refers to the tendency of a statistic to overestimate or underestimate a parameter.