PCR primers are designed to only replicate the N gene sequence of the viral genome. Part of the N sequence we want to amplify is shown below. Typically, you design two primers, one to bind to each strand of the dsDNA. Copies are made from each strand so you get twice as much DNA from the PCR process. Potential primer locations are noted by the nucleotide sequences shown below. The PCR needs to make copies of the nucleotides shown in the middle (“87 nucleotides”). Remember the direction that DNA polymerase synthesizes new DNA strands. Select the two locations for the primers to bind and then fill in the correct sequence below the DNA sequence shown. You should have selected one location on each strand. Indicate the direction that the DNA polymerase (Taq polymerase) will move after binding to the primers in the attached image
Molecular Techniques
Molecular techniques are methods employed in molecular biology, genetics, biochemistry, and biophysics to manipulate and analyze nucleic acids (deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA)), protein, and lipids. Techniques in molecular biology are employed to investigate the molecular basis for biological activity. These techniques are used to analyze cellular properties, structures, and chemical reactions, with a focus on how certain molecules regulate cellular reactions and growth.
DNA Fingerprinting and Gel Electrophoresis
The genetic makeup of living organisms is shown by a technique known as DNA fingerprinting. The difference is the satellite region of DNA is shown by this process. Alex Jeffreys has invented the process of DNA fingerprinting in 1985. Any biological samples such as blood, hair, saliva, semen can be used for DNA fingerprinting. DNA fingerprinting is also known as DNA profiling or molecular fingerprinting.
Molecular Markers
A known DNA sequence or gene sequence is present on a chromosome, and it is associated with a specific trait or character. It is mainly used as a genetic marker of the molecular marker. The first genetic map was done in a fruit fly, using genes as the first marker. In two categories, molecular markers are classified, classical marker and a DNA marker. A molecular marker is also known as a genetic marker.
DNA Sequencing
The most important feature of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) molecules are nucleotide sequences and the identification of genes and their activities. This the reason why scientists have been working to determine the sequences of pieces of DNA covered under the genomic field. The primary objective of the Human Genome Project was to determine the nucleotide sequence of the entire human nuclear genome. DNA sequencing selectively eliminates the introns leading to only exome sequencing that allows proteins coding.
PCR primers are designed to only replicate the N gene sequence of the viral genome. Part of the N sequence we want to amplify is shown below. Typically, you design two primers, one to bind to each strand of the dsDNA. Copies are made from each strand so you get twice as much DNA from the PCR process.
Potential primer locations are noted by the
The PCR needs to make copies of the nucleotides shown in the middle (“87 nucleotides”).
Remember the direction that DNA polymerase synthesizes new DNA strands. Select the two locations for the primers to bind and then fill in the correct sequence below the DNA sequence shown. You should have selected one location on each strand.
Indicate the direction that the DNA polymerase (Taq polymerase) will move after binding to the primers in the attached image
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