Number of individuals1086464206On balloon vine fruitsBeak-Museum-specimen averageOn introduced species81011Beak length (mm)Soapberry bugs use needlelike "beaks" to feed on seeds within the fruits of various plants. Bugs feed most successfully when their beak length matches the size of the fruit onwhich they are feeding. For 25 years, populations of soapberry bugs in central Florida have been feeding on small goldenrain tree fruits that were introduced to the area ratherthan on the larger native balloon vine fruits that serve as food for other soapberry bug populations. Beak lengths of soapberry bugs are variable but the average beak length isshorter in soapberry bug populations that feed on goldenrain tree fruits than in populations that feed on balloon vine fruits, as shown in the graph. How does natural selectionact on beak length in soapberry bug populations?Natural selection decreases beak length in soapberry bug populations.Natural selection increases beak length in soapberry bug populations.The action of natural selection on beak length in soapberry bug populations varies with the environment.

Detailed explanation: Natural selection decreases beak length in soapberry bug populations: This…

Answered: Number of individuals 10 8 6 4 64 2 0 6…

Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life (MindTap Course List)

15th Edition

ISBN:9781337408332

Author:Cecie Starr, Ralph Taggart, Christine Evers, Lisa Starr

Publisher:Cecie Starr, Ralph Taggart, Christine Evers, Lisa Starr

Chapter22: The Land Plants

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Hawaiian Honeycreeper Phylogeny The Poouli (Melamprosops phaeosoma) was discovered in 1973 by a group or students from the University of Hawaii. Its membership in the Hawaiian honeycreeper clade was (until recently) controversial, mainly because its appearance and behavior are so different from other living honeycreepers. Its particularly lacked the old tent odor characteristic of other honeycreepers. In 2011, Heather Lerner and her colleagues deciphered phylogeny of the 19 Hawaiian honeycreepers that were not yet officially declared to be extinct at the time, including the Poouli. The researchers sequenced mitochondrial and nuclear DNA samples taken from the honeycreepers, and also from 28 other birds (outgroups). Phylogenetic analysis of these data firmly establishes the Poouli as a member of the clade, and also reveals the Eurasian rosefinch as the clades closest relative (FIGURE 18.11). FIGURE 18.11 Hawaiian honeycreeper phylogeny. This cladogram was constructed using sequence comparisons of mitochondrial DNA (whole genome), and 13 nuclear DNA loci of 19 Hawaiian honeycreeper and 28 other finch species. 1. Which species on the cladogram represents an outgroup?
Hawaiian Honeycreeper Phylogeny The Poouli (Melamprosops phaeosoma) was discovered in 1973 by a group or students from the University of Hawaii. Its membership in the Hawaiian honeycreeper clade was (until recently) controversial, mainly because its appearance and behavior are so different from other living honeycreepers. Its particularly lacked the old tent odor characteristic of other honeycreepers. In 2011, Heather Lerner and her colleagues deciphered phylogeny of the 19 Hawaiian honeycreepers that were not yet officially declared to be extinct at the time, including the Poouli. The researchers sequenced mitochondrial and nuclear DNA samples taken from the honeycreepers, and also from 28 other birds (outgroups). Phylogenetic analysis of these data firmly establishes the Poouli as a member of the clade, and also reveals the Eurasian rosefinch as the clades closest relative (FIGURE 18.11). FIGURE 18.11 Hawaiian honeycreeper phylogeny. This cladogram was constructed using sequence comparisons of mitochondrial DNA (whole genome), and 13 nuclear DNA loci of 19 Hawaiian honeycreeper and 28 other finch species. 3. What is the sister group of the Akikiki (Oreomystis bairdi)?
Hawaiian Honeycreeper Phylogeny The Poouli (Melamprosops phaeosoma) was discovered in 1973 by a group or students from the University of Hawaii. Its membership in the Hawaiian honeycreeper clade was (until recently) controversial, mainly because its appearance and behavior are so different from other living honeycreepers. Its particularly lacked the old tent odor characteristic of other honeycreepers. In 2011, Heather Lerner and her colleagues deciphered phylogeny of the 19 Hawaiian honeycreepers that were not yet officially declared to be extinct at the time, including the Poouli. The researchers sequenced mitochondrial and nuclear DNA samples taken from the honeycreepers, and also from 28 other birds (outgroups). Phylogenetic analysis of these data firmly establishes the Poouli as a member of the clade, and also reveals the Eurasian rosefinch as the clades closest relative (FIGURE 18.11). FIGURE 18.11 Hawaiian honeycreeper phylogeny. This cladogram was constructed using sequence comparisons of mitochondrial DNA (whole genome), and 13 nuclear DNA loci of 19 Hawaiian honeycreeper and 28 other finch species. 4. Which species is more closely related to the Palila (Loxioides bailleui): the Iiwi (Vestiaria coccinea) or the Maui Alauahio (Paroreomyza montana)?
A giant puffball (FIGURE 23.13C) produces trillions of spores that disperse on wind. A stinkhom (FIGURE 23.13D) makes fewer spores and they are dispersed by insects. How are these differences analgous to differences in pollen production and dispersal among plants? C Giant puffball D Stinkhom FIGURE 23.13 Diverse club fungus fruiting bodies (basidiocarps)
Figure 21.6 The Svalbard seed vault is located on Spitsbergen island in Norway, which has an arctic climate. Why might an arctic climate be good for seed Storage?
Which of the following structures widens the geographic range of a species and is an agent of dispersal? seed flower leaf root
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Hawaiian Honeycreeper Phylogeny The po'ouli (Melamprosops phaeosoma) was discovered in 1973 by a group of students from the University of Hawaii. Its membership in the Hawaiian honeycreeper clade had been controversial, mainly because its appearance and behavior are so different from other living honeycreepers. It particularly lacked the "old tent" odor characteristic of other honeycreepers. In 2011, Heather Lerner and her colleagues deciphered phylogeny of the 19 Hawaiian honeycreepers that were not yet officially declared to be extinct at the time, including the po'ouli. The researchers sequenced mitochondrial and nuclear DNA samples taken from the honeycreepers, and also from 28 other birds (outgroups). Phylogenetic analysis of these data firmly establishes the po'ouli as a member of the clade, and also reveals the Eurasian rosefinch as the clade's closest relative (FIGURE 18.10). FIGURE 18.10 Phylogeny of Hawaiian honeycreepers. This cladogram was constructed using sequence comparisons of mitochondrial DNA (whole genome), and 13 nuclear DNA loci of 19 Hawaiian honeycreepers and 28 other finch species. Which species is most closely related to the 'Apapane (Himatione sanguinea)?
Hawaiian Honeycreeper Phylogeny The po'ouli (Melamprosops phaeosoma) was discovered in 1973 by a group of students from the University of Hawaii. Its membership in the Hawaiian honeycreeper clade had been controversial, mainly because its appearance and behavior are so different from other living honeycreepers. It particularly lacked the "old tent" odor characteristic of other honeycreepers. In 2011, Heather Lerner and her colleagues deciphered phylogeny of the 19 Hawaiian honeycreepers that were not yet officially declared to be extinct at the time, including the po'ouli. The researchers sequenced mitochondrial and nuclear DNA samples taken from the honeycreepers, and also from 28 other birds (outgroups). Phylogenetic analysis of these data firmly establishes the po'ouli as a member of the clade, and also reveals the Eurasian rosefinch as the clade's closest relative (FIGURE 18.10). FIGURE 18.10 Phylogeny of Hawaiian honeycreepers. This cladogram was constructed using sequence comparisons of mitochondrial DNA (whole genome), and 13 nuclear DNA loci of 19 Hawaiian honeycreepers and 28 other finch species. What is the sister group of the 'Akikiki (Oreomystis bairdi)
Hawaiian Honeycreeper Phylogeny The po'ouli (Melamprosops phaeosoma) was discovered in 1973 by a group of students from the University of Hawaii. Its membership in the Hawaiian honeycreeper clade had been controversial, mainly because its appearance and behavior are so different from other living honeycreepers. It particularly lacked the "old tent" odor characteristic of other honeycreepers. In 2011, Heather Lerner and her colleagues deciphered phylogeny of the 19 Hawaiian honeycreepers that were not yet officially declared to be extinct at the time, including the po'ouli. The researchers sequenced mitochondrial and nuclear DNA samples taken from the honeycreepers, and also from 28 other birds (outgroups). Phylogenetic analysis of these data firmly establishes the po'ouli as a member of the clade, and also reveals the Eurasian rosefinch as the clade's closest relative (FIGURE 18.10). FIGURE 18.10 Phylogeny of Hawaiian honeycreepers. This cladogram was constructed using sequence comparisons of mitochondrial DNA (whole genome), and 13 nuclear DNA loci of 19 Hawaiian honeycreepers and 28 other finch species. Which species is more closely related to the Palila (Loxioides bailleui): the Tiwi (Vestiaria coccinea) or the Maui 'Alauahio (Paroreomyza montana)?
Figure 1.7 Taxonomic classification of five species that are related at different levels. Each species has been assigned to ever more inclusive groups, or taxa: in this case, from genus to domain. From the left, Joaquim Gaspar; kymkemp.com; Sylvie Bouchard/Shutterstock.com; Courtesy of Melissa S. Green, www.flickr.com/photos/henkimaa; Grodana Sarkotic. Figure It Out: Which of the plants shown here are in the same order?
A plant in the understory of a forest displays a segmented stem and slender leaves arranged in a whorl. It is probably a. club moss whisk fern fern horsetail

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