Answered: Looking at mice mutations, we can see…

Looking at mice mutations, we can see many more agouti mice that have turned albino and much less albinos that have turned agouti. Why is this the case?

Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Course List)

11th Edition

ISBN:9781305251052

Author:Michael Cummings

Publisher:Michael Cummings

Chapter11: Genome Alterations: Mutation And Epigenetics

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 6QP: Although it is well known that X-rays cause mutations, they are routinely used to diagnose medical...

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1. The first genetic test developed for this disease took advantage of a large family of over 2,000 individuals who lived along Lake Maracaibo in Venezuela. These family members, some with and some without Huntington’s disease, could all trace their ancestry to a single female who settled in the region a number of generations ago.Genomic DNA from family members with and without Huntington’s disease was cut with a set of enzymes that make reproducible cuts at known DNA sequences. These DNA fragments were run on a DNA gel to see which fragments correlated with the presence of Huntington’s disease. a) How might the large number (over 2,000) of family members who have a common ancestor who suffered from Huntington’s disease make it easy to narrow down the gene location of the Huntington’s locus (compared to doing the same experiment with a small family descended from a Huntington’s sufferer)?
1. A monogenic disease is a disease caused by a mutation in a single gene. For instance, sickle-cell anemia is caused by a mutation in the HBB gene, which codes for the B- globin chain of hemoglobin. The beginning of HBB is shown here: 5'-ATGGTGCACCTGACTCCTGAGGAGAAGTCTGCCGTTACT...-3' A. Translate this HBB sequence into an amino acid sequence. B. In terms of amino acids, what is the result of the sickle cell mutation, wherein the bolded red A is changed to a T? This single mutation causes hemoglobin to aggregate, causing red blood cells to deform into a sickle-like shape rather than the normal “biconcave disk" shape. C. What would happen if the bolded blue A were mutated to at T? (This is hypothetical; it's not a mutation found in sickle-cell disease.)
8. Dioxin (in the human diet!) and ethidium bromide (used in labs to see DNA using UV light) are classified as because they insert themselves in between adjacent DNA bases. 9. UV light can cause two adjacent pyrimidines to form a (Fig 18.21). 10. Study Figure 18.26. What is the difference between black, green and red grapes relative to expression of genes that produce anthocyanin pigments? Possible answers: retrotransposon prevents pigment expression; partial removal of retrotransposon allows partial pigment expression; absence of retrotransposon allows normal pigment expression. a. Black: b. Green : C. Red:
What type of mutation is this? 1. Which type of mutation is responsible for new varia tions of a trait? Which type of mutation does not result in an abnormal amino acid sequece? Which type of mutation stops the translation of an mRNA molecule? 2. Sickle Cell Anemia Sickle cell anemia is the result of a type of mutation in the gene that codes for part of the hemoglobin molecule Hemoglobin carries oxygen in your red bloods cells. The mutation causes these red blood cells to become stife sickle-shaped when they release their oxygen. The sickled cells tend to get stuck in blood vessels, causing poin ond increased risk of stroke, blindness, damage to the heart & lungs, and other conditions. Analyze the DNA strands below to determine what amino acid is changed AND what type of mutation occurred Normal hemoglobin DNA A G TC Normal hemoglobin mRNA val• Hisolelo thr•proo Gll Normal hemoglobin AA sequence CA cGT AG A CTGAGG AC AC Sickle cell hemoglobin DNA Sickle cell hemoglobin mRNA Sickle cell…
Muscle cells differ from bone cells because ________. a. they carry different genes b. they use different genes c. both a and b
The photos above show flowers from Arabidopsis plants. One plant is wild-type (unmutated); the other carries a mutation in one of its ABC floral identity genes. This mutation causes sepals and petals to form instead of stamens and carpels. Refer to Figure 10.8 to decide which gene (A, B, or C) has been inactivated by the mutation.
A scientist creates fruit fly larvae with a mutation that eliminates the exonuclease function of DNA pol III. Which prediction about the mutational load in the adult fruit flies is most likely to be correct? The adults with the DNA pol III mutation will have significantly more mutations than average The adults with the DNA pol III mutation will have slightly more mutations than average The adults with the DNA pol III mutation will have the same number of mutations as average The adults with the DNA pol III mutation will have fewer mutations than average.
1. You are studying a new gene “X” that you think controls skin color in Bearded Dragons. In order to determine what gene X does, you need lots of gene X DNA to work with. So, you decide to amplify it through the process known as PCR. You have a forward and a reverse primer that have been designed to gene Xf – a gene in frogs that is similar to the one found in the Bearded Dragon. You are pretty sure that these two primers will work in Bearded Dragons, so you decide to go ahead with the PCR. In frogs, the Forward Xf primer binds gene Xf between nucleotides 32 and 47. The Reverse Xf primer binds between nucleotides 1110 and 1135. a. What size PCR product would these two primers create if they amplified the frog gene Xf?? 3. A fellow lab worker brings you DNA containing what might be a similar gene in Leopard Geckos (XG). She asks you to see if you can amplify it using the same primers you used in frogs and the Bearded Dragon. You run the PCR and then analyze the product by…
10. A fly gene Faf is required for eye development. The human genome has a homologous gene called Usp9. How could you determine if human Usp9 can substitute for the fly Faf protein? A. Make a transgene containing the Usp9 CDNA with human promoter and enhancer. Introduce it to flies mutant for Faf. B. Make a transgene containing the Usp9 CDNA with fly promoter and enhancer. Introduce it to flies mutant for Faf. C. Make a transgene containing the Usp9 CDNA with human promoter and enhancer. Introduce it to wild-type flies. D. Make a transgene containing the Usp9 CDNA with fly promoter and enhancer. Introduce it to wild-type flies.
5)Would you expect mutations to always produce recessive traits? Why or why not?
2. Genetics enables us to understand how proteins interact with one another within the context of a living organism. Different types of mutations can give phenotypes that indicate these protein interactions. a) Why does a dominant negative phenotype indicate a protein may be acting as a homomultimer? b) Does a hypermorphic mutation also indicate this? Why or why not? c) If you have two mutant proteins that show a pseudo-reversion phonotype (second site suppressor) there is a strong possibility that the two proteins interact. Explain in your own words why a mutation in one protein can rescue (at least partially) the phenotype caused by a mutation in a completely different protein. d) Why are second site suppressor mutations allele specific?
1. Below are the DNA sequences that encode the first eight amino acids for five alleles of the Adh protein in Drosophila pseudoobscura. Nucleotides that differ from the first sequence are shown by a lowercase letter. ATGTCTCTCACCAACAAGAACGTCATGgCTCTCACCAACAAGAACGTCATGTCgCTCACCAACAAGAACGTCATGTCTtTgACCAACAAGAACGTCATGTCTCTCACCAACAAGAACGTg a) What are the first eight amino acids for each of these five DNA sequences?