In the course of a study on the effects of the mechanical shearing of DNA, Eugene Nester, A. T. Ganesan, and Joshua Lederberg studied the transfer, by transformation, of sheared DNA from a wild-type strain of Bacillus subtilis (his,* aroz" tyr2* aro, tyri aro,*) to strains of bacteria carrying a series of mutations (E. W. Nester, A. T. Ganesan, and J. Lederberg. 1963. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 49:61-68). They reported the following rates of cotransformation between his, and the other genes (expressed as cotransfer rate). Genes Rate of cotransfer his,* and aroz* 0.015 his,* and tyr2 0.10 his,* and aro," 0.12 his,* and tyr,* 0.23 his,* and aro," 0.05 On the basis of these data, which gene is farthest from his,*? Which gene is closest?

In the course of a study on the effects of the mechanical shearing of DNA, Eugene Nester, A. T. Ganesan, and Joshua Lederberg studied the transfer, by transformation, of sheared DNA from a wild-type strain of Bacillus subtilis (his,* aroz" tyr2* aro, tyri aro,) to strains of bacteria carrying a series of mutations (E. W. Nester, A. T. Ganesan, and J. Lederberg. 1963. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 49:61-68). They reported the following rates of cotransformation between his, and the other genes (expressed as cotransfer rate). Genes Rate of cotransfer his, and aroz* 0.015 his,* and tyr2 0.10 his,* and aro," 0.12 his,* and tyr,* 0.23 his,* and aro," 0.05 On the basis of these data, which gene is farthest from his,*? Which gene is closest?

Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)

11th Edition

ISBN:9780134580999

Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn

Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn

Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,...

See similar textbooks

Similar questions

Price et al. [(1999). J. Bacteriol. 181:2358–2362] conducteda genetic study of the toxin transport protein (PA) of Bacillusanthracis, the bacterium that causes anthrax in humans. Withinthe 2294-nucleotide gene in 26 strains they identified five pointmutations—two missense and three synonyms—among differentisolates. Necropsy samples from an anthrax outbreak in 1979revealed a novel missense mutation and five unique nucleotidechanges among ten victims. The authors concluded that thesedata indicate little or no horizontal transfer between differentB. anthracis strains. Question: On what basis did the authors conclude that evidence ofhorizontal transfer is absent from their data?
Recombinant protein production by a genetically modified Escherichia coli strain is proportional to cell growth. Ammonia is used as a nitrogen source for aerobic glucose respiration. The recombinant protein has the general formula CH1,55O0,31N0,25, while that of the cellular biomass is CH1,77O0,49N0,24. The biomass yield from glucose equals 0.50 g/g, while the recombinant protein yield from glucose corresponds to 20% of the cell yield from substrate.a) How much ammonia is required? What is the oxygen demand? (b) If the biomass yield remains the same, what are the ammonia and oxygen requirements for a wild-type strain of E. coli, with cell biomass of the same elemental composition, but unable to synthesize the recombinant protein? (c) On an industrial scale, cultivation takes place in a continuous fermenter at 28°C and the desired recombinant protein production rate is 7 g/h. Since the viscosity of the culture broth is considerable, the energy input due to agitation cannot be neglected.…
T. Miyake and M. Demerec examined proline-requiring mutations in the bacterium Salmonella typhimurium (). On the basis of complementation testing, they found four proline auxotrophs: proA, proB, proC, and proD. To determine whether proA, proB, proC, and proD loci were located close together on the bacterial chromosome, they conducted a transduction experiment. Bacterial strains that were proC+ and had mutations at proA, proB, or proD were used as donors. The donors were infected with bacteriophages, and progeny phages were allowed to infect recipient bacteria with genotype proC− proA+ proB+ proD+. The recipient bacteria werethen plated on a selective medium that allowed only proC+ bacteria to grow. After this, the proC+ transductants were plated on selective media to reveal their genotypes at the other three pro loci. The following results were obtained: Q.Which genotypes represent single transductants and which represent cotransductants?
The pathway for arginine biosynthesis in Neurospora crassa involves several enzymes that produce a series of intermediates as shown. O O O O ornithine citrulline ARG-E arginosuccinate arginine N-acetylornithine arginine You did a cross between ARG-E ARG-H* and ARG-E* ARG-H¯¯ Neurospora strains and identified an Arg- strain from an NPD tetrad. (Assume that Neurospora forms tetrads in the same way yeast do.) Which compound would rescue growth of this Arg- spore? N-aceltylornithine ARG-F ornithine citrulline ARG-G ARG-H → argininosuccinate
Your TA gives you an Escherichia coli strain (AmreB) that carries a gene deletion in the mreB gene. As a result, the strain is not able to produce the MreB protein. Your task is to compare the morphology of actively growing AmreB cells to the parental wildtype strain (produces MreB). What difference in morphology will you likely observe? Would you expect the same in Staphylococcus aureus?
In a transformation experiment involving a wild type bacterial strain with a recipient strain with mutations in genes f, g, h and i pairs of genes were analyzed for co-transformation with the following results: Gene Pair Co-transformation g+ i+ f+ i+ yes no f+ h+ Уes f+ g+ no g+ h+ h+ i+ no уes What is the linear order of these genes relative to cach other?
In Oswald Avery experiment, two strains of pneumococcus bacteria were used to infect mice. Explain how the experiment discovered that DNA is the transformation agent.
A newly-identified relative of Staphylococcus is causing great concern at the Center for Disease Control. It has been observed that some strains of this new bacterial species are resistant to multiple antibiotics used in clinical settings. Thanks to your bacterial genetic prowess, you are hired as part of a research team whose mission is to characterize this new species. It appears that at least three different antibiotic resistance genes have integrated onto the bacterial chromosome: min+ = confers resistance to minocycline cep+ = confers resistance to cephalexin van+ = confers resistance to vancomycin The following table shows the results of your experiments. Transformation of the recipient cells was conducted, using the DNA of the donor cells. You next selected for recipient cells that had undergone transformation by plating the transformed cells on media containing minocycline. This enabled you to select for min+ cells. The min+ cells were then replica plated onto media…
You have sequenced the genome of the bacteriumSalmonella typhimurium, and you are using BLAST analysis to identify similarities within the S. typhimuriumgenome to known proteins. You find a protein thatis 100 percent identical in the bacterium Escherichiacoli. When you compare nucleotide sequences of theS. typhimurium and E. coli genes, you find that their nucleotide sequences are only 87 percent identical.a. Explain this observation.b. What do these observations tell you about the meritsof nucleotide- versus protein-similarity searches inidentifying related genes?
By conducting conjugation experiments between Hfr and recipientstrains, Wollman and Jacob mapped the order of many bacterialgenes. Throughout the course of their studies, they identified severaldifferent Hfr strains in which the F-factor DNA had been integratedat different places along the bacterial chromosome. A sample of theirexperimental results is shown in the following table:Explain how these results are consistent with the idea that thebacterial chromosome is circular?
Why would the researchers look for transposase genes when the transposase protein itself does not confer antibiotic resistance? please prephrase and find the answer in the article
By conducting conjugation experiments between Hfr and recipientstrains, Wollman and Jacob mapped the order of many bacterialgenes. Throughout the course of their studies, they identified severaldifferent Hfr strains in which the F-factor DNA had been integratedat different places along the bacterial chromosome. A sample of theirexperimental results is shown in the following table:What information do you know based on the question and your understanding of the topic?