In most animals, a larger amount of cytoplasm is carried by the egg than by the sperm. Similarly, the egg in plant carries more cytoplasm than the pollen. How could this difference affect the expression of inherited trait [a] dependent on nuclear genes and [b] dependent on extranuclear genes?
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1. In most animals, a larger amount of cytoplasm is carried by the egg than by the sperm. Similarly, the egg in plant carries more cytoplasm than the pollen. How could this difference affect the expression of inherited trait [a] dependent on nuclear genes and [b] dependent on extranuclear genes?
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- 6. Suppose that brown is the wild-type colour of the iris of eyes. However, dominant autosomal mutations in the genes coding the proteins responsible for the steps of colour determination (shown below) negatively disrupts their functions. The colour of the iris can be either blue, green, brown or no coloration (results in pink iris). B gene represents the pigment transporter; L gene represents the luciferase enzyme; and the C gene represents tyrosinase enzyme). The biochemical pathway for colour determination is the following: Cell of the human iris Blue Blue Luciferase (L) Green Pigment Tyrosinase (C) transporter (B) Brown a. Assuming no confounding factors, which genotype (include all genes mentioned) will result in green iris? b. Assuming that the transporter is composed of 4 subunits of protein coded by the same gene. What will the colour of the iris be if an individual is heterozygote for the gene expressing the transporter? c. Now, assuming the tyrosinase step is incompletely…I am confused about how stem cell transplants works. If you put a semi differentiated tadpole nucleus in a denucleated egg cell, it’ll develop into a fully formed tadpole, but if you put a fully differentiated tadpole nucleus, it won’t (because the genes have already been expressed in a way where the cytoplasmic determinants cannot operate to the fullest). Then how come in stem cell transplants, you use adult nucleuses that are already developed and transplant them into the denucleated egg cells?5. A new mutation that arose in one copy of gene X in a somatic cell resulted in the formation of a tumor. Which of the following pieces of evidence best describes how the new mutation directly caused the tumor? (A) Protein X normally stimulates cell division, and the mutation created an overactive version of protein X. (B) Protein X normally activates a growth hormone receptor, and the mutation decreased the stability of protein X. (C) Protein X normally prevents passage through the cell cycle, and the mutation created an overactive version of protein X. (D) Protein X normally regulates gene expression, and the mutation created an underactive version of protein X that blocked the cell cycle.
- 5). Female honeybees at birth have equal potential to develop as workers or queens. Queens are much larger than workers, have functional ovaries, and reproduce constantly. Workers don't reproduce and spend their lives collecting food, tending the queen, and raising her offspring. Certain female bees become queens due to consumption of royal jelly, which silences the expression of a gene encoding a DNA methyltransferase, Dnmt3 (this means that it's function is to add methyl groups to DNA). Thus, queen vs. worker bee fate is regulated epigenetically. a. Is Dnmt3 an epigenetic writer or eraser enzyme? b. Do you predict that Dnmt3 target genes are expressed at higher levels in queens or workers? c. How would you expect bees to develop (as queens or workers?) if they lack NP95 function (i.e. are homozygous for a loss of function mutation in the bee ortholog of NP95, involved in maintenance of DNA methylation)? Include a description of the impact of royal jelly consumption and your…1) Discuss the roles of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in normal cell signalling transduction and in cancer development. 2) Describe uniparental inheritance of mitochondrial DNA and discuss its importance in human disease and potential treatment strategies1.) How many chromosomes are there in each stage of mitosis in an onion? 2.) How many chromosomes are there in each stage of mitosis in an animal like Drosophila?
- Would you simply answer the question for me, i saw many answers for it but still not sure. The flower color of genetically identical hemp plants (clones) is purple when the flowers develop under cold environment (30 °C). Describe in detail a molecular mechanism that could explain how these two groups of genetically identical plants differ in their gene expressions to produce different flower colors?5. List in the correct order the series of cytoskeletal events that occurs in a newly fertilized egg of the nematode worm C. elegans. Assume that the paternal sperm nucleus has just entered a symmetrical egg cell. Your response should be a five-letter string composed of letters that correspond to individual events, e.g., ABCD. (A) Asymmetric localization of PAR proteins (B) Sperm centrosome nucleates a microtubule aster (C) Uneven first cell division along anterior-posterior axis (D) Loss of Rho activity decreases myosin II contractility(46) A mutated form of protein pox is found in patients with squamous cell carcinoma. In vitro studies show that the normal p5x molecule binds to DNA, and neoplastic cells accumulate in the G0 phase of the cell cycle. In contrast, the mutated form of p5x does not bind to DNA. These finding are most characteristics of which of the following? (A) Growht factor receptors (B) GTP-binding protein (C) Nonreceptor tyrosine kinases (D) Oncogene proteins (E) Tumor suppressor gene proteins
- This diagram shows a parental cell going through mitosis and producing 2 daughter cells. Which cells in th- mutation.) D |G H) D and G are genetically identical, but H is genetically different. O D and H are genetically identical, but G is genetically different. O Gand H are genetically identical, but D is genetically different. O All of the cells - D, G, and H - are genetically identical. O None of the cells in the diagram are genetically identical. All the cells - D, G, and H- are genetically different from each otl(46) A mutated form of protein p5x is found in patients with squamous cell carcinoma. In vitro studies show that the normal p5x molecule binds to DNA, and neoplastic cells accumulate in the G0 phase of the cell cycle. In contrast, the mutated form of p5x does not bin d to DNA. These finding are most characteristics of which of the following? (A) Growht factor receptors (B) GTP-binding protein (C) Nonreceptor tyrosine kinases (D) Oncogene proteins (E) Tumor suppressor gene proteins20. Which of the following occurs during mitosis but not during meiosis I? (A) The chromosomes are pulled to opposite poles of the spindle apparatus. (B) The chromatids of each chromosome are separated. (C) The nuclear envelope breaks down. (D) Both synapsis and crossingover take place. (E) The diploid number of chromosomes is reduced to the haploid number. 21. Oxygen consumption can be used as a measure of metabolic rate because oxygen is (A) necessary for ATP synthesis by oxidative phosphorylation (B) necessary to replenish glycogen levels (C) necessary for fermentation to take place (D) required by all living organisms (E) required to break down the ethanol that is produced in muscles 22. Membranes are components of all of the following EXCEPT a (A) microtubule (В) nu (C) Golgi apparatus (D) mitochondrion (E) lysosome 23. In a mesophyll cell of a leaf, the synthesis of ATP occurs in which of the following? I. Ribosomes II. Mitochondria III. Chloroplasts (A) I only (В) II only (C)…