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Chemistry: An Atoms First Approach

Chemistry: An Atoms First Approach

2nd Edition

ISBN:9781305079243

Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl

Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl

Chapter13: Acids And Bases

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 42E

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In each row of the table select the stronger base.

In each row of the table, select the stronger base.
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Several acids and their respective equilibrium constants are: Which is the strongest acid? Which is the weakest acid? Which acid has the weakest conjugate base? Which acid has the strongest conjugate base?
8-60 How is the buffer capacity affected by the ratio of the conjugate base to the conjugate acid?
The pH of a 0.20-M solution of HP is 1.92. Determine Ka far HF from these data.
For conjugate acidbase pairs, how are Ka and Kb related? Consider the reaction of acetic acid in water CH3CO2H(aq)+H2O(l)CH3CO2(aq)+H3O+(aq) where Ka = 1.8 105 a. Which two bases are competing for the proton? b. Which is the stronger base? c. In light of your answer to part b. why do we classify the acetate ion (CH3CO2) as a weak base? Use an appropriate reaction to justify your answer. In general, as base strength increases, conjugate acid strength decreases. Explain why the conjugate acid of the weak base NH3 is a weak acid. To summarize, the conjugate base of a weak acid is a weak base and the conjugate acid of a weak base is a weak acid (weak gives you weak). Assuming Ka for a monoprotic strong acid is 1 106, calculate Kb for the conjugate base of this strong acid. Why do conjugate bases of strong acids have no basic properties in water? List the conjugate bases of the six common strong acids. To tie it all together, some instructors have students think of Li+, K+, Rb+, Cs+, Ca2+, Sr2+, and Ba2+ as the conjugate acids of the strong bases LiOH, KOH. RbOH, CsOH, Ca(OH)2, Sr(OH)2, and Ba(OH)2. Although not technically correct, the conjugate acid strength of these cations is similar to the conjugate base strength of the strong acids. That is, these cations have no acidic properties in water; similarly, the conjugate bases of strong acids have no basic properties (strong gives you worthless). Fill in the blanks with the correct response. The conjugate base of a weak acid is a_____base. The conjugate acid of a weak base is a_____acid. The conjugate base of a strong acid is a_____base. The conjugate acid of a strong base is a_____ acid. (Hint: Weak gives you weak and strong gives you worthless.)
For oxyacids, how does acid strength depend on a. the strength of the bond to the acidic hydrogen atom? b. the electronegativity of the element bonded to the oxygen atom that bears the acidic hydrogen? c. the number of oxygen atoms? How does the strength of a conjugate base depend on these factors? What type of solution forms when a nonmetal oxide dissolves in water? Give an example of such an oxide. What type of solution forms when a metal oxide dissolves in water? Give an example of such an oxide.
What two common assumptions can simplify calculation of equilibrium concentrations in a solution of a weak acid?
. Calculate the pOH value corresponding to each of the pH values listed, and tell whether each solution is acidic or basic. a. pH = 10.75 b. pH = 3.66 c. p1-I = 1.98 d. pH = 12.47
Consider a 0.33 M solution of the diprotic acid H2X. H2X H+(aq)+ HX(aq)Ka1=3.3 10 4 HX H+(aq)+ X2(aq)Ka2=9.7 10 8 Calculate the pH of the solution and estimate [HX-] and [X2-].
Using the Ka value of , place Al(H2O)63+ in the correct location in Figure 14.8.
Both HF and HCN ionize in water to a limited extent. Which of the conjugate bases. F“ or CN”, is the stronger base? See Table 14.2.
Consider the dissociation of a weak acid HA (Ka = 4.5 103) in water: HA(aq)H+(aq)+A-(aq) Calculate G for this reaction at 25C.
6. Identify the acid on the left and its conjugate base on the right in the following equations. d. 2HCO;' = H;CO; + CO;* e. PO +H;PO, = 2HPO IN

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