In cell culture experiments, when you add the purified toxin to host cell monolayers, the host cells die. The toxin-infected host cells do not lyse, but the cells have collapsed and show a significant loss of water and ions. The toxin is translated and produced by the bacterium as a single polypeptide. However, cellular fractionation of the host cells into cytosolic and membrane fractions reveals that a portion of the toxin is present in the membrane fraction and another portion is in the cytosolic fraction. Based on these results, answer the following questions: A. What type of toxin have you identified? 2 B. How does this toxin function to kill host cells?

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