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Name: In bacteria sigma factors:1. Transcript factors2. Specialized subunit
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Description: In bacteria sigma factors:1. Transcript factors2. Specialized subunit of the core enzyme3. Signal termination 4. Guide RNA polymerase to different kinds of promoters

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Biology

In bacteria sigma factors: 1. Transcript factors 2. Specialized subunit of the core enzyme 3. Signal termination 4. Guide RNA polymerase to different kinds of promoters

Biology (MindTap Course List)

11th Edition

ISBN:9781337392938

Author:Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. Berg

Publisher:Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. Berg

Chapter14: Gene Regulation

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 7TYU: Which of the following is characteristic of genes and gene regulation in both bacteria and...

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Which of the following is characteristic of genes and gene regulation in both bacteria and eukaryotes? (a) promoters (b) non-coding DNA within coding sequences (c) enhancers (d) operons (e) DNA located in a nucleus
Read the following statements about operons, and mark the FALSE one. O a. Prokaryotes use operons frequently because they are an efficient use of resources O b. The expression levels of the genes in an operon can be regulated individually Genes in an operon are placed next to each other (physically) O d. The genes in an operon share a single promoter
1. Which of the following is false when the genes of the Lac operon are being tran- scribed in high amounts: A) RNA polymerase is bound to the promoter B) The repressor is bound to the operator C) Allolactose is bound to the repressor D) Cyclic AMP is bound to CAP.
Escherichia coli is grown in the presence of 20 mg of glucose and 20mg of lactose as carbon sources. The major carbon source is consumed by Escherichia at a rate of 10 mg/hour. Which of the following best describes the actions of RNA polymerase, the promoter and the sugar being used after 3 hours? O The sugar binds to the repressor, inactivating it, allowing RNA polymerase to bind to the operator. O RNA polymerase binds to the promoter and the sugar binds to the operator. O The sugar binds to the repressor, inactivating it, and allows RNA polymerase to bind to the promoter. O The sugar binds to RNA polymerase and the repressor binds to a structural gene. Question 41 A Moving to the next question prevents changes to this answer. 61
Operons are a common feature of bacterial genomes. Which of the following statements about the lac operon is correct? 1. The lac operon contains 3 stop codon sequences. 2. The lacz gene codes for lactose which is used as a source of energy. 3. A lacls mutant that can't bind to allolactose will inhibit the transcription of lacz, lacY and lacA. 4. A lacOC mutant that keeps the operator constitutively ON (regardless of repressor binding), will inhibit the transcription of lacZ, lacY and lacA. O A. 1, 2 and 3 O B. 1 and 3 O C. 2 and 4 O D. 4 only O E. All of 1, 2, 3 and 4 are correct
Match each of the following mechanisms with how it can change the levels of gene products--whether on different operons or within the same operon. Different promoters might have different DNA sequences Translation initiation sequences can cause different open reading 1. Differences in mRNA levels BETWEEN operons frames to be translated 2. Differences in protein levels WITHIN an operon differently. The secondary structures of MRNA can differ which can change the rate of degradation of transcripts.
1. Draw a diagram of the lac operon. PO I+P+O+Z+Y+ I+P+OcZ+Y- I-P+O+Z+Y+ Lab section (circle): lacz gene lac Y gene lacA gene I+P+O+ZY/IPO+Z+Y- 2. The promoter (P) is the start site of transcription through the binding of RNA polymerase before actual mRNA production. Mutated promoters (P) cannot bind RNA polymerase, so no mRNA is made. In the table below, make predictions about the expression of ß-galactosidase and permease for different partial diploid (F') genotypes. Do this for E. coli growth on two different types of media - one without lactose, and one with. Use a to mark where there is no enzyme produced, and a + to mark where the enzyme is made. The first genotype has all wild-type alleles, and has been filled in as an example. Genotype IPOCZ+Y/I-P+O+Z-Y+ ISP+O+Z+Y/I+P+O+Z*Y* CR 1:00 Lactose absent B-galactosidase Permease R 3:-00 + R 6:30 Lactose present B-galactosidase F 10:00 Permease
3. Which of the following is NOT true about the lac operon? I) The lac operon is use to help breakdown lactose II) The lac operon is deemed as a "leaky" operon due to its promoter III) Allolactose binds to the repressor so they can bind to the operator together IV) lacI gene and the lacZ gene are under the control of the same promoter A) I and II B) III C) IV D) III and IV E) I and III
Which protein subunit specifically binds to the promoter region in prokaryotic cells? α β ω β' σ
A newly synthesized drug is able to inhibit growth of pathogens by inhibiting a genetic process of the prokaryote without affecting those of the host cells. Which of the following is most likely NOT a possible mechanism of action of this drug? A. Inhibition of the formylation of methionyl-t-RNA B. Binding of the 50S with the 30S subunit C. Binding of RNA polymerase the promoter region of a gene D. Binding of MRNA to the 30S subunit of the ribosomes E. Binding of the drug to the 70S ribosome, preventing translocation of tRNAs.
Decide which operon each of the following characteristics applies to. Note: a description may apply to both. a. lac operon b. trp operon 68. repressible 69. Turned off when end product is present (feedback inhibition) 70. Promoter, activator region, and 3 genes 71. Repressible 72. contain operator and promoter regions as well as transcript units of at least two or more coding genes 73. Codes for catabolic enzymes that break down lactose 74. Inducible 75. Promoter, activator region, and 5 genes 76. Codes for anabolic enzymes that help manufacture tryptophan 77. Lactose is the co-inducer 78. Turned on when substrate is present 79. Tryptophan is the co-repressor 80. Regulatory gene segments
As diagrammed below, some amino acid biosynthetic operons have stem loop structures in the mRNA. These structures play a role in the regulation of the operon by which of the following mechanisms? Translation stop codon- Attenuator loop. mRNA 5' 3' DNA attenuator trpE O Catabolite repressor protein can bind and prevent the hairpins from forming thus allowing translation to occur. O The leader sequence shown contains codons for the amino acid. When these are low, the ribosome stalls, allowing a hairpin between the two middle regions to form so that the rest of the message can be translated. In the presence of large amounts of the amino acid, the hairpin will wind around the amino acid and prevent further translation. O A repressor protein made of that amino acid will bind to the region and prevent translation when large amounts of the amino acid are present. O The uridine-rich region has codons for that amino acid; when present, this region will be a terminator region. The hairpins allow…