Response elementsare similar to operons in that they are controlled by a single promoterare enhancers of transcription activated by metabolic factorsare not affected by steroidsare silencers of transcription triggered by the presence of metal ions

The transcription of genes is controlled by response elements, which are brief DNA sequences found…

Answered: Response elements are similar to…

Biochemistry

9th Edition

ISBN:9781319114671

Author:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Publisher:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Chapter1: Biochemistry: An Evolving Science

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1P

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Suppose that you have isolated a mutant strain of E. coli inwhich the lac operon is constitutively expressed. To understandthe nature of this defect, you create a merozygote in which themutant strain contains an F′ factor with a normal lac operonand a normal lacI gene. You then compare the mutant strain andthe merozygote with regard to their β-galactosidase activities inthe presence and absence of lactose. You obtain the followingresults:
. In an effort to determine the location of an operator sitefor a negatively regulated gene, you have made a seriesof deletions within the regulatory region. The extent ofeach deletion is shown by the line underneath the sequence, and the resulting expression from the operon(i = inducible; c = constitutive; − = no expression) isalso indicated.... GGAT C T T AGCCGGCTAACATGATAAATATAA......C C T AGAATCGGCCGA TTGTA C T A TTT ATAT T ...1 i2 –3 c4 –5 ca. What can you conclude from these data about thelocation of the operator site?b. Why do you think deletions 2 and 4 show no expression of the gene?
When challenged with a low oxygen environment, knownas hypoxia, the body produces a hormone called erythropoietin(EPO), which then stimulates red blood cell production tocarry more oxygen. Transcription of the gene encoding EPO isdependent upon the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF), which is atranscriptional activator. However, HIF alone is not sufficientto activate EPO. For example, Wang et al. (2010. PLOS ONE 5:e10002) showed that HIF recruits another protein called p300to an enhancer for the EPO gene. Furthermore, deletion of p300significantly impaired transcription of the EPO gene in responseto hypoxia. Given that p300 is a type of histone acetyl transferase,how might p300 influence transcription of the EPO gene?
Explain the process of attenuation of the trp operon under high tryptophan levels.
Create a metabolism cocept map using these terms RepressorInducer RiboswitchRepression InductionPositive regulationActivatorOperator Heat shocklac operontrp operon Catabolite RepressionHeat shocksigma-32 Negative regulationTwo-component regulationSensor Kinase Autoinducing Peptide (AIP)Response regulatorSigma factorsFeedback inhibitionProtein StabilityQuorum SensingRNA regulationAntisense RNAHomoserine Lactone (AHL)
The promoter of an operon is the site to which RNApolymerase binds to begin transcription. Certain basechanges in the promoter result in a mutant site towhich RNA polymerase cannot bind. Would you expect mutations in the promoter that prevent binding ofRNA polymerase to act in trans on another copy ofthe operon on a plasmid in the cell, or only in cis onthe copy immediately adjacent to the mutated site?
Phorbol esters have been observed to induce the transcription of AP-1–influenced genes. Explain how this processcould occur. What are the consequences of AP-1 transcription? What role does intermittent exposure to phorbol estershave on an individual’s health?
A mutation at the operator prevents the regulator protein from bindingWhat effect will this mutation have in the following types of operons? a. Regulator protein is a repressor of a repressible operon. b. Regulator protein is a repressor of an inducible operon.
Operator | Choose [Choose) A set of genes transcribed together under the regulatory control of a singe promoter A regulatory protein that binds to an region of non-coding DNAgene that suppresses transcriptionby blocking RNA polmer A segment of DNA where the repressor binds to, therety preventing the transcription of certain genes An operon that isalways "off" - turned on by environmental cues an operon that isalways "on"- turned off by environmental cues TChoose Operon Repressor Repressible Operon [ Choose nducible operon [Choose |
Two component systems are common in bacteria to regulate the expression of specific genes in response to environmental signals. Which of the following can be said of two component systems? (mark all the answers that apply) An intracellular response regulator is involved in the response. A membrane-bound sensor kinase is typically involved. A membrane transporter is required to transport a molecular signal into the cell, which then serves as an inducer of transcription for an operon. Molecules are pumped out of the cell through one molecular compnent, and transported back in through a second molecular component.
One of the main lessons of this chapter is that severalbacterial genes are often transcribed from a singlepromoter into a large multigene (polycistronic) transcript. The region of DNA containing the set of genesthat are cotranscribed, along with all of the regulatoryelements that control the expression of these genes, iscalled an operon.a. Which of the mechanisms in the following listcould explain differences in the levels of themRNAs for different operons?b. Which of the mechanisms in the following listcould explain differences in the levels of theprotein products of different genes in the sameoperon?i. Different promoters might have different DNAsequences.ii. Different promoters might be recognized bydifferent types of RNA polymerase.iii. The secondary structures of mRNAs might differ so as to influence the rate at which they aredegraded by ribonucleases.PROBLEMSProblems 575a. Why did the mating with a nonlysogenic recipientresult in phage growth and release, but the infectionof a…
Many viruses that infect eukaryotic cells express genes that alterthe regulation of host gene expression to promote viral replication.For example, herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) expresses aprotein called ICP0, which is necessary for successful viral infectionand replication within the host. Lutz et al. (2017. Viruses9: 210) showed that ICP0 can act as a ubiquitin ligase and targetthe redundant transcriptional repressors ZEB1 and ZEB2,which leads to upregulation of the miR-183 cluster (a set of threemiRNAs transcribed from the same locus). Speculate on how miR-183 cluster upregulation may benefitthe virus.

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Response elements are similar to operons in that they are controlled by a single promoter are enhancers of transcription activated by metabolic factors are not affected by steroids are silencers of transcription triggered by the presence of metal ions