How many more genes in the plasmid (besides the insulin cDNA insert) are need to determine which bacterial cells have been transformed and to determine which transformed bacterial cells have a plasmid with the cDNA insulin insert? Prior to the ability to produce human insulin in bacteria, insulin was harvested from pig or cow carcasses. A visiting veterinarian told me that domestic cats did better on the “old insulin” than on the genetically engineered human insulin. How might a comparison of the amino acid sequences of cats, pigs, cows, and humans support or fail to support this claim? What is needed in the plasmid with the cDNA insert besides the gene for insulin to actually cause the bacteria to express the insulin gene and produce the insulin protein?
Bacterial Genomics
The study of the morphological, physiological, and evolutionary aspects of the bacterial genome is referred to as bacterial genomics. This subdisciplinary field aids in understanding how genes are assembled into genomes. Further, bacterial or microbial genomics has helped researchers in understanding the pathogenicity of bacteria and other microbes.
Transformation Experiment in Bacteria
In the discovery of genetic material, the experiment conducted by Frederick Griffith on Streptococcus pneumonia proved to be a stepping stone.
Plasmids and Vectors
The DNA molecule that exists in a circular shape and is smaller in size which is capable of its replication is called Plasmids. In other words, it is called extra-chromosomal plasmid DNA. Vectors are the molecule which is capable of carrying genetic material which can be transferred into another cell and further carry out replication and expression. Plasmids can act as vectors.
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How many more genes in the plasmid (besides the insulin cDNA insert) are need to determine which bacterial cells have been transformed and to determine which transformed bacterial cells have a plasmid with the cDNA insulin insert?
- Prior to the ability to produce human insulin in bacteria, insulin was harvested from pig or cow carcasses. A visiting veterinarian told me that domestic cats did better on the “old insulin” than on the genetically engineered human insulin. How might a comparison of the amino acid sequences of cats, pigs, cows, and humans support or fail to support this claim?
- What is needed in the plasmid with the cDNA insert besides the gene for insulin to actually cause the bacteria to express the insulin gene and produce the insulin protein?
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