Given that the extracellular concentration of Cl- is approximately 120 mM, what is the intracellular concentration if the Nernst potential for Cl- is 39 mV. (T=298 K, R=1.987 cal/K·mol, F=23,062 cal/mol·V)
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- One of the important uses of the Nernst equation is in describing the flow of ions across plasma membranes. Ions move under the influence of two forces: the concentration gradient (given in electrical units by the Nernst equation) and the electrical gradient (given by the membrane voltage). This is summarized by Ohms law: Ix=Gx(VmEx) which describes the movement of ion x across the membrane. I is the current in amperes (A); G is the conductance, a measure of the permeability of x, in Siemens (S), which is I/V;Vm is the membrane voltage; and Ex is the equilibrium potential of ion x. Not only does this equation tell how large the current is, but it also tells what direction the current is flowing. By convention, a negative value of the current represents either a positive ion entering the cell or a negative ion leaving the cell. The opposite is true of a positive value of the current. a. Using the following information, calculate the magnitude of Na [ Na+ ]0=145mM,[ Na+ ]i=15mM,Gna+=1nS,Vm=70mV b. Is Na+ entering or leaving the cell? c. Is Na+ moving with or against the concentration gradient? Is it moving with or against the electrical gradient?Using the Nernst equation, calculate the equilibrium potential for Ca2 and for C1 from the following sets of data: a. Given [ Ca2+ ]0=1mM,[ Ca2+ ]i=100nM, find Eca2+ b. Given [ Cl- ]0=110mM,[ Cl- ]i=100mM, find EclWhat is the emf of a cell consisting of a Pb2+/Pb half-cell and a Pt/ H / H₂ half-cell if [Pb2+]=0.87 M, [H+]=0.011 M and Pы, = 1.0 atm? Round your answer to 2 significant digits. Note: Reference the Standard reduction potentials at 25 °C table for additional information. H₂ V X 5
- Given that the relative molecular mass of potassium chloride (KCl) is 74.5513 g mol-1, calculate the concentration of potassium chloride solution which will be iso-osmotic with tears (305 mOsM). State your answer in both molar concentration (mol/L) and in percentage (g/100 mL). Please answer very soon will give rating surelyCalculate the effective quantity (g) of sodium chloride related to tonicity in 100 mL of an intravenous fluid labeled "5% dextrose in 0.45% sodium chloride," and indicate whether the solution is isotonic, hypotonic, or hypertonic.In the Nernst equation [V = 62 log10 (Co/ Ci)], the term Co represents: the intracellular concentration of calcium the extracellular concentration of potassium the extracellular concentration of sodium the intracellular concentration of potassium the membrane potential (in millivolts)
- Table Q1(a) shows typical values for the intracellular and extracellular concentrations of the major ion species (in millimoles per litre) for frog skeletal muscle. Table Q1(a) Permeability (cm/s) 2 x 10-8 2х 10 Ions Intracellular Extracellular Na* 12 145 K+ 155 4 4 120 4 x 106 By referring to Table Q1(a), compute the equilibrium resting potential for this membrane by assuming the room temperature is 20° C. Given the Boltzman's constant, k = 1.38 x 1023 J/K and an electronic charge, q = 1.602 x 10-19 C.V=62 log 10 (C0/Ci ) for a positive ion at 37 degrees Celsius. What is theoretical ratio of solution ion across the membrane when the resting membrane potential is 124 mV?In the Nernst equation [V = 62 log10 (Co/ Ci)], the term Co represents: the intracellular concentration of potassium the intracellular concentration of chloride the membrane potential (in millivolts) the extracellular concentration of sodium the extracellular concentration of potassium
- (a) Table Q1(a) shows typical values for the intracellular and extracellular concentrations of the major ion species (in millimoles per litre) for frog skeletal Q1 muscle. Table Q1(a) Permeability (cm/s) 2 x 10-8 2 x 106 4 x 10-6 Ions Intracellular Extracellular Na* 12 145 K* 155 4 4 120 By referring to Table Q1(a), compute the equilibrium resting potential for this membrane by assuming the room temperature is 20° C. Given the Boltzman's constant, k= 1.38 x 1023 J/K and an electronic charge, q = 1.602 x 1019 C.The normal concentration of Ca2+ in blood is 5.0 mEq>L. How many milligrams of Ca2+ are in 1.00 L of blood?Calculate the free energy of transport for the movement of potassium by the sodium/potassium pump under normal physiological conditions: 4 mM serum potassium, 135 mM intracellular potassium, 37.1 °C, and resting potential -82 mV. Express your answer in kJ/mol. Show all work. Calculate the free energy of transport for the movement of potassium by the sodium/potassium pump under disturbed conditions of 2 mM serum potassium. Assume all other parameters remain the same. Express your answer in kJ/mol. Show all work. What factors could limit the continued action of the sodium/potassium pump when only 2 mM potassium is present in the blood plasma? Note that under normal physiological conditions, the cell interior contains 11 mM sodium and the blood contains 140 mM sodium.
