Gene duplication A A Evolution AI A2 Speciation AI A2 AI A2 Evolution AI A2 AI A2 Evolution A A2 BI B2 Conclusion: Genes A1 and A2 are paralogs. Genes B1 and B2 are paralogs. Genes A1 and B1 are orthologs. Genes A2 and B2 are orthologs. 20.9 Homologous genes are evolutionarily related.

Q: Contrast gene paralogs with gene orthologs.

A: The functional and structural unit of inheritance is a gene. These are composed of DNA. There are…

Q: The figure below shows RNA-Seq data (RED) for the D. melanogaster transformer (tra) gene obtained…

A: DNA is made up of nucleotides. DNA consists of exons which are the coding sequences and introns…

Q: Is the sequence of amino acids in rubisco encoded by nuclear genes or not? Explain.

A: The enzyme rubisco stands for ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase. It acts as a key enzyme…

Q: The length of the SURF1 gene is 15, 914 bases. This gene is comprised of 11 exons and 10 introns.…

A: In the diagram shown SURF1 gene. SURF1 gene is present at 9th chromosome & produces surf…

Q: Distinguish between homologs, paralogs, and orthologs.

A: Homologs can be used to predict the functions of unknown proteins that can be understood from the…

Q: Leber Congenital Amaurosis (LCA) causes progressive vision loss due to defects in the gene that…

A: Hello. Since you have posted multiple questions and not specified which question needs to be solved,…

Q: Why do mitochondria need genes that encode rRNAs andtRNAs?

A: Human mitochondrial DNA refers to the genetic material of the mitochondria. It contains several…

Q: DMC1 SPS1 DIT1 SPS100 fold repressed >20 1:1 fold induced x10x >20

A: The given question states three genes as named X, Y, Z and their transcriptional responses over time…

Q: Suppose that the diagram below represents the genomic organization of an enzyme involved in eye…

A: Transcription is the process by which  RNA transcript is formed from DNA. Various type of RNA are…

Q: You receive four strains of yeast in the mail, and the accompanying instructions state that each…

A: The expression of a gene in a eukaryote depends on various factors and is regulated by different…

Q: The Dscam locus in Drosophila melanogaster has 24 exons. Four of these exons are able to undergo…

A: Alternative splicing results in several products being made from one chromosome. In higher…

Q: Consider a bacterium that can synthesize an imaginary amino acid called fictamine. Initially,…

A: ANSWER;-  i) Gene Y codes for enzyme 1 because when gene Y is mutated, the activity of enzyme 1 is…

Q: . In Figure 8-22, show how the double-stranded RNA isable to silence the transgene. What would have…

A: Double stranded RNA-mediated interference is a method of silencing the gene expression in a wide…

Q: The gene known to be mutated in cases of Agammaglobulinemia 2 (which is inherited in an autosomal…

A: A person with agammaglobulinemia has extremely low levels of the immune system's defense proteins,…

Q: In the corn snake Pantherophis guttatus, there are several different color variants, including…

A: Introns are non-coding sequences and exons are coding sequences in the gene. Splicing is the process…

Q: What are master genes? Explain why they are not present in prokaryotes.

A: Genes are a set of instructions that define how an organism looks, how it lives, and how it…

Q: One of the two genes known to be mutated in cases of Hypokalemic periodic paralysis (which is…

A: Hypokalemic periodic paralysis is a condition characterized by intermittent episodes of muscle…

Q: Discuss how ultra violet light works as a mutagen. This could include: What is UV light and the…

A: Electromagnetic radiation is an energy form that possesses both magnetic and electrical components.…

Q: Explain how paralogs and orthologs are produced

A: Gene is known to be the basic unit of heredity of all life forms. Most animals contain…

Q: The gene known to be mutated in cases of Agammaglobulinemia 2 (which is inherited in an autosomal…

A: A person with agammaglobulinemia has extremely low levels of the immune system's defense proteins,…

Q: For the first experiment ever on Drosophila mutations. Answer the following questions. a. What is…

A: Drosophila melanogaster  It is the species of fly which belongs to the family of Drosophilidae. It…

Q: Mutations within the genes for ARSs, are known to be cause certain human maladies, such as the…

A: ARS is an amino-acyl tRNA synthetase that catalyzes the addition of amino acid to the acceptor stem…

Q: The gene known to be mutated in cases of Agammaglobulinemia 2 (which is inherited in an autosomal…

A: The IGLL1 gene is known to be mutated in cases of Agammaglobulinemia 2, which is an inherited…

Q: What are paralogous and orthologous genes? What are some of the explanations for the finding that…

A: Thus, a gene is a fundamental unit of inheritance, carrying coded information associated with a…

Q: During construction of a knockout mouse, a targeting vector is introduced into mouse embryonic…

A: Gene targeting is the technique of changing a specific sequence or gene at its location in a genome…

Q: Retinoblastoma is an extremely rare cancer of the retina in the eye. The disease mainly affects…

A: The investigation into retinoblastoma, a uncommon eye cancer fundamentally influencing children,…

Q: Proteins A,B,C, and D in the diagram are encoded by different genes and interact with each other.…

A: Answer. There are many different types of mutations that can occur in a coding sequence that can…

Q: a. What is(are) the difference(s) between orthologs and paralogs? b. What are the main sources of…

A: Orthologs are homologs from different species that catalyse the same enzyme, while paralogs are…

Q: The HbβS(sickle-cell) allele of the human β-globingene changes the sixth amino acid in the…

A: Sickle cell anemia is a blood disorder in which an improper folding of hemoglobin occurs. In this…

Q: As we described in class, in the early 1960's Francis Crick and colleagues set out to determine how…

A: Introduction  Genetic code   The sequence of bases that encodes a functional protein molecule is…

Q: Gene A, which encodes alcohol dehydrogenase, is labeled with a red fluorophore in a FISH experiment…

A: Introduction :- FISH( fluorosecent in situ hybridization ) is a technique in which a DNA probe ,…

Q: Explain why orthologs have sequences that are similar but not identical.

A: A homologous trait can be described as a homolog also spelled homologue. In terms of genetics, the…

Q: Based on Figure 17-35, write a sentence stating howtranslocation can lead to cancer. Can you think…

A: Translocations were discovered cytologically for the first time in the late nineteenth and early…

Q: In the fX174 genome, describe the difference between how thegene B and gene A* proteins are made

A: fX174:- Craig venter and his group reported the genome of fX174 in in-vitro conditions. It is a…

Q: the amino acid sequence in rubisco encoded by nuclear genes

A: Rubisco consists of eight large subunits and eight small subunits.

Q: The Saccharomyces cerevisiae nuclear gene ARG8encodes an enzyme that catalyzes a key step in…

A: Gene refers to the specific segment of DNA in a discrete region of the chromosome. It encodes a…

Q: n yeast cells, telomerase remains active and maintains telomeres of about 300 base pairs. Propose…

A: Deletion is a type of mutation in the DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) that…

Q: The gene known to be mutated in cases of Agammaglobulinemia 2 (which is inherited in an autosomal…

A: Agammaglobulinemia refers to a collection of inherited immune deficiencies that are characterized by…

Q: What is the NCBI accession number (including the version) of the RefSeq Match for the first…

A: Acession number :  It is distinguishing feature of a RefSeq record is the distinct accession number…

Mitochondrial Mutations

A mitochondrion is a cellular organelle that serves as the site for cellular respiration and energy production (ATP or Adenosine Triphosphate). It is a double-membrane-bound organelle and is only present in eukaryotic cells.