Explain why orthologs have sequences that are similar but not identical.

Q: If you were to compare the amino acid sequences of histone proteins across several distantly-related…

A: The histone proteins highly basic protein found in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. They play a…

Q: If you know the sequence of amino acids in a protein, what does the genetic code table allow you to…

A: Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins. Proteins serve as structural support inside the…

Q: Name the process by which the information on DNA is copied into an RNA molecule.

A: Nucleic acids store and transmit hereditary information. There are two types of nucleic acids:…

Q: Describe the mechanism by which retrotransposon such as SINES and LINES get moved around within…

A: SINEs These are short interspersed elements. These are 80–400 bp in length and need activities…

Q: describe insertion sequences

A: DNA is the information centre for most organisms. DNA is made up of a long chain of nucleotide base…

Q: Define Sense codon  as they apply to the genetic code

A: Sense codons are those codons which specify amino acids at the time of protein synthesis…

Q: Consider the following coding 71 nucleotide DNA template sequence (It does not contain a…

A: In cell protein formed according to the sequence on mRNA. mRNA is formed from DNA sequence by the…

Q: Explain how a mutation within a non-coding sequence may alter gene function.

A: Deoxy ribonucleic acid (DNA) is the genetic material of most organisms that carry coded genetic…

Q: What is the survival value of the degeneracy of the genetic code? – Define what degeneracy means and…

A: Please follow step 2 for detailed explanation.

Q: Describe how proteins are sequenced, and explain why sequence determination is important

A: Protein sequencing is the technique to determine the amino acid sequence of a protein. Proteins are…

Q: a. What is(are) the difference(s) between orthologs and paralogs? b. What are the main sources of…

A: Orthologs are homologs from different species that catalyse the same enzyme, while paralogs are…

Q: protein. How would the protein produced from sequence #1 differ from the protein produced from…

A: The sequences provided are of a non-coding strand or template strand. mRNA is transcribed…

Q: Explain why the overlap between individual DNA sequences is required to reconstruct the sequence of…

A: Deoxyribonucleic acid or DNA is a molecule that contains the genetic code of the organisms. DNA…

Q: Define Nonoverlapping code as they apply to the genetic code

A: The set of rules that allows genetic material information to get translated into proteins is called…

Q: Define Reading frame as they apply to the genetic code

A: The central dogma of life is- DNA ---> mRNA ---> Protein The process of formation of mRNA from…

Genetic Evolution

Sexual reproduction produces distinct population variations. Heredity determines the traits and qualities to be passed down to the progeny. Over time, this variation within-species is also affected by the process of human evolution. The study of how genetic variation leads to evolutionary changes is known as genetic evolution. If a trait helps an organism to survive and reproduce, it is more likely to be passed down the generations. It is rare that such traits result in a completely distinct set of traits in descendants than the ancestral population; this can result in the emergence of a new species.