For cross 1: Total (N) = 562 %3D n= 4 Expected (E) frequency Total/n = 562/4 = 140.5 Observed (O) Expected (E) (0-E)^2/E Phenotypes Red Eyes /Normal wings White eyes /Normal wings Red eyes/vertical wings White eyes/Vertical wings Total (N) (0-E)^2 367 140.5 51302.25 365.1406 97 140.5 1892.25 13.4680 74 140.5 4422.25 31.4751 24 140.5 13572.25 96.5996 562 Chi-square test statistic (x³) = 506.6833 Chi-square test statistic (x²) = 506.6833

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Inheritance and Mendelian Genetics

Inheritance means the passing of traits to offspring from parents. These traits could be passed either through asexual reproduction or sexual reproduction. The offspring receives the genetic material from the parents. Mendelian inheritance is a certain biological inheritance that follows the rules and principles laid down by Gregor Mendel in 1865. The initial hypothesis was considered wrong, but other inheritance theories modified the concept of inheritance and thus genetics.