draw an amino acid. Use R for the side chains 2 draw a nucleotide triphosphate with an expanded triphosphate. you may abbreviate the nucleobase with base. citric acid cycle  3 What is the net reaction of the citric acid cycle ? what happens to each product. 4 starting with acetyl coenzyme A  and oxaloacetate, draw out the molecular structure for each step of the citric acid cycle. For each step , include the name of the enzyme that catalyzes the reaction.

Q: .Fatty acid synthesis is carried out by fatty acid synthase, a single polypeptide that has multiple…

A: Fatty acid synthesis occurs by acetyl CoA and NADH  in the cytosol by the series of enzymes known as…

Q: 1. Glycolysis can be summarized as a 6-carbon structure becoming two 3-carbon structures. To really…

A: In glycolysis, a 6-carbon molecule of glucose-6-phosphate is broken down into 3-carbon pyruvate. It…

Q: Why was it necessary to use phosphoaminophosphonic acid-adenylate ester (ANP) in the ATP synthase…

A: As per the chemiosmotic Model, ATP synthase is the enzyme that phosphorylates ADP with Pi as…

Q: CH3 CH2-CH,-CH2 CH2-CH,CH2-CH2-CH2 CH2-CH2 ĉ-SCOA

A: Beta oxidation is the process by which long chain acyl CoA are broken down to acetyl CoA. Each round…

Q: Myristoleic acid is a monounsaturated fatty acid found in small amounts in a variety of foods.…

A: Myristoleic acid would undergo beta-oxidation for its catabolism.

Q: human cannot digest stachyose. Why？isn‘t it true that human do have aplpha galactosidase to break…

A: Raffinose Family of Oligosaccharides (RFOs) are sucrose molecules with α(1→6 ) galactosyl…

Q: Figure 1 (i) The metabolism (A) requires FAD as coenzyme. Name the vitamin required for (A). (ii)…

A: Vitamin B9 occurs in nature as in the form of folate. Folic acid is given to individuals which are…

Q: Please draw all of the structures of the intermediates and names of all reactants, intermediates and…

A: Almost all sorts of organisms have evolved a metabolic process and anaerobic energy source called…

Q: A glycolytic substrate which is the precursor of the pentose phosphate pathway. 2. How many pyruvate…

A: 1. Glucose 6 phosphate is the precursor of pentose phosphate pathway. 2. When the one glucose…

Q: When fatty acyl-CoA enters the mitochondrial matrix, it undergoes a catabolic pathway called…

A: Beta oxidation is the catabolic process by which fatty acid molecules are broken down in the cytosol…

Q: Using curved arrows, show the mechanism of each step labeled with a blue letter. Draw out…

A: Arrow pushing mechanism of reactions A,B, C and D are given below. Each curved RED arrow represents…

Q: 8. Starting with [14C] -glucose radioactively labeled at glucose carbon 6 write, using structural…

A: Citric acid cycle intermediates starting with 14 C labelled glucose is to be predicted.

Q: 15.3) In the previous problem, you drew the products for the phosphorylation of ADP reaction (shown…

A: Phosphorylation is the process of adding a phosphate group to a molecule, and in the case of ADP, it…

Q: What would be the effect on cells if they did not have the glycosylase enzyme?

A: In biology, cell is the structural and fundamental unit of life. It completes an organism by itself…

Q: what is the net reaction of the citric acid cycle for a single acetyl coenzyme A molecule? what are…

A: TCA cycle is also called as Krebs cycle a cyclic process that converts Pyruvate to CO2. It is a…

Q: Consider palmitate, a 16-carbon saturated fatty acid. After four rounds of processing what number…

A: Beta oxidation is a process where the fatty acids are metabolized to make energy. It is a catabolic…

Q: 3. Below is an image of sucrose. OH HOT HO HO OH HO (a) Using sucrose as a substrate, draw a…

A: Carbohydrates in their Closed conformation can exist in the form of either of the two anomeric…

Q: Which enzyme listed below is considered both a component of the citrate cycle and a component of the…

A: Cellular respiration is a collection of three metabolic pathways that generate ATP the energy…

Q: NH₂ Methyltransferases NH₂ OH OH S-Adenosylmethionine (SAM) Transamination B Phosphate transfer…

A: Methyl metabolism is well conserved across bacteria to humans. S-Adenosyl methionine (SAM) is…

Q: Drawthe structures of the two citric acid cycle intermediates that can be converted into amino acids…

A: Transamination reaction is the process of formation of amino acids by the transfer of an amine group…

Q: The Citric Acid Cycle is regulated by 1) Pyruvate availability 2) Acetyl Co A availability 3) Enzyme…

A: The metabolic pathway is the name for the sequence of events that make up any metabolic change. The…

Q: describe how 18O from water can end up in C18O2. Feel free to draw structures and reference any…

A: Glycolysis is the process of breakdown of one glucose molecule (6C) into two pyruvate molecule (3C)…

Q: Statins are a class of lipid-lowering medications that reduce illness and mortality in those who are…

A: Cardiovascular disease refers to a condition in which the heart and the blood vessels that supply…

Q: Please draw all of the structures of the intermediates and names of all reactants, intermediates and…

A: Glycolysis is the metabolic pathway that stepwise oxidises glucose to pyruvate to produce ATP and…

Q: 1 what is the net reaction of glycolysis?  2 Starting with glucose ( in the open - chain fischer…

A: Glycolysis is the collection of 10 enzymatically catalysed reactions that sequentially oxidises one…

Q: The carbon skeletons of amino acids can be catabolised via various steps. These end products are…

A: The Krebs cycle or Citric acid cycle occurs in the mitochondrial matrix. The cycle is never ending…

Q: i. How dihydroxyacetone phosphate is formed from glycerol? Write the chemical reactions. (G

A: How dihydroxyacetone phosphate is formed from glycerol is asked.

Q: Glucose labeled with 14 C at C-1 is added to a solution containing the enzymes and cofactors of the…

A: HMT shunt is an alternative pathway for oxidation of glucose to our regular glycolysis and TCA…

Q: What is the net gain in ATP for ß-oxidation of palmitic acid (a sixteen-carbon fatty acid)?

A: For the complete oxidation of palmitic acid, it is first activated to its acyl-CoA form. This…

Q: phosphoryl group OH inorganic phosphate (P₁) P-OCH₂, O 0 H H H H OH OH adenosine diphosphate (ADP)…

A: The conversion of Inorganic phosphate (iP) and ADP to ATP and water molecule requires a enzyme…

Q: 1 what is the net reaction of the citric acid cycle? what happens to each product?  2 Starting with…

A: Citric acid cycle (or TCA cycle or tricarboxylic acid cycle) is the final common oxidative pathway…

Q: Regulation of the Citric Acid Cycle

A: TCA (Tricarboxylic acid) cycle is the major energy yielding metabolic pathway utilized by lifeforms.…

Q: sub= 18

A: Fermentation reaction causes the conversion of the glucose molecule into the acetoin, ethanol,…

Q: Describe how a) Mean Arterial Pressure, b) Maximal Oxygen Consumption, and c) Blood Flow are…

A: The human body is complex and it requires the coordinated action of many systems. The circulatory…

Q: 19. Which statement is TRUE of sphingolipid synthesis? 1.All of the carbon atoms of palmitate and…

A: Sphingolipids are made in a process that starts in the endoplasmic reticulum and ends in the Golgi…

Q: 1. Y Pyruvate Lactate Write down the name and the class of the enzyme, catalyzing this reaction.…

A:

Q: 1.  Provide the best coenzyme(s) for each step shown below. Give a 1–2 sentence rationale for your…

A: Enzymes are biological catalysts that catalyse biochemical reactions. Most enzymes are made up of…

Q: Please state if the statements are true or false. 1. A furanose is a sugar  in the Haworth…

A: Carbohydrates, often known as sugar molecules, are a type of molecule. Carbohydrates are one of the…

Q: 6

A: GTP (Guanosine triphosphate) is an energy-rich molecule. It is a purine nucleoside triphosphate. It…

Q: 12.The two carbons in an acetyl-CoA are released as CO, only in the second turn of the citric acia…

A:

Q: is neither involved in glycolysis nor citric acid cycle but is still, one cycle is called aerobe and…

A: 02 is neither involved in glycolysis nor citric acid cycle but is still, one cycle is called aerobe…

Q: Chemistry Using your knowledge of glycolysis and the citrate cycle, describe how 180 from water can…

A: Glycolysis is the conversion of glucose to pyruvate by a series of enzymes and co-factors. The…

Q: 4.2 The first step in amino acid catabolism usually involve transamination. Since ammonia is a…

A: Amino acids are the building blocks of protein. Proteins undergo metabolism to release ammonia,…

Q: (a) (b) O (d) (2) If acetyl-CoA were labeled with ¹4℃ at carbonyl group, and then were used as the…

A: Pyruvate produced as a result of glucose oxidation is oxidised to acetyl CoA via the pyruvate…

Q: In the first cycle of fatty acid synthesis via the acyl carrier protein system, the acetyl group on…

A: Fatty acid synthesis is the formation of fatty acids from acetyl co A and NADH using fatty acid…

Metabolic pathways

Metabolism is defined as the group of life-supporting, enzyme-mediated chemical reactions in organisms. A metabolic pathway is a set of these chemical reactions that involve anabolism (synthesis of complex biomolecules) and catabolism (breakdown of biomolecules into small molecules) that occur inside a cell. Metabolites are the reacting substances, products, and intermediate substances of an enzymatic process that are altered by a series of chemical events catalyzed by enzymes.