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Principles of Physics: A Calculus-Based Text

5th Edition

ISBN:9781133104261

Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. Jewett

Publisher:Raymond A. Serway, John W. Jewett

Chapter14: Superposition And Standing Waves

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 31P

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Table 17.1 shows the speed of sound is typically an order of magnitude larger in solids than in gases. To what can this higher value be most directly attributed? (a) the difference in density between solids and gases (b) the difference in compressibility between solids and gases (c) the limited size of a solid object compared to a free gas (d) the impossibility of holding a gas under significant tension
As shown in Figure P14.37, water is pumped into a tall, vertical cylinder at a volume flow rate R. The radius of the cylinder is r, and at the open top of the cylinder a tuning fork is vibrating with a frequency f. As the water rises, what time interval elapses between successive resonances? Figure P14.37 Problems 37 and 38.
Review. As a sound wave passes through a gas, the compressions are either so rapid or so far apart that thermal conduction is prevented by a negligible time interval or by effective thickness of insulation. The compressions and rarefactions are adiabatic. (a) Show that the speed of sound in an ideal gas is v=RTM where M is the molar mass. The speed of sound in a gas is given by Equation 16.35; use that equation and the definition of the bulk modulus from Section 12.4. (b) Compute the theoretical speed of sound in air at 20.0C and state how it compares with the value in Table 16.1. Take M = 28.9 g/mol. (c) Show that the speed of sound in an ideal gas is v=kBTm0 where m0 is the mass of one molecule. (d) Slate how the result in part (c) compares with the most probable, average, and rms molecular speeds.
Explain why you expect an object made of a stiff material to vibrate at a higher frequency than a similar object made of a spongy material.
Review. A steel guitar string with a diameter of 1.00 mm is stretched between supports 80.0 cm apart. The temperature is 0.0C. (a) Find the mass per unit length of this siring. (Use the value 7.86 103 kg/m4 for the density.) (b) The fundamental frequency of transverse oscillations of the string is 200 Hz. What is the tension in the string? Next, the temperature is raised to 30.0C. Find the resulting values of (c) the tension and (d) the fundamental frequency. Assume both the Youngs modulus of 20.0 1010 N/m2 and the average coefficient of expansion = 11.0 10-6 (C)-1 have constant values between 0.0C and 30.0C.
Suspend a sheet of paper so that the top edge of the paper is fixed and the bottom edge is free to move. You could tape the top edge of the paper to the edge of a table. Gently blow near the edge of the bottom of the sheet and note how the sheet moves. Speak softly and then louder such that the sounds hit the edge of the bottom of the paper, and note how the sheetmoves. Explain the effects.
A grandfather clock uses a brass pendulum to keep perfect time at room temperature. If the air conditioning breaks down on a very hot summer day, how will the grandfather clock be affected? Explain your answer.
P(V-V1) a certaln pendulum ctock is made of brass. When the temperature Increases, what happens to the perlod of the clock? A. It increases C. It remains the same D. it decreases with the square of temperature B. It decreases Q.166 When a standing wave Is set up on a string fixed at both ends, whleh of the following statements fs true? A. Sum of the number of antinodes and the mumber of nodes is always even B. Wavelength length string / number of nedes C. The shape of the string at any instant shows a symmetry about the midpoint of the string D. Frequency- number of nodes x fundamental frequencyn=nx Q.167 In a statlonary wave, the distance between a node and consecutive antinode Is: A. A quarter of wavelength C. One wavelength Q.168 Which of the following cases (If any) requires the greatest amount of heat? In B. 3/4 of wavelength D. Half of wavelength each case the materlal is the same. A. 1.5 kg of the material is to be heated by 7.0 C" B. 3.0 kg of the material is to be heated by…
12
A lightening strike 2 km away creates a sound of thunder by making a shock wave in air from the large energy it deposits so quickly that the air cannot move out of the way. Pick the two answers that are correct if f the speed of sound is about 340 meters/second in the night air. at 20 degrees Celsius. The bang occurs before the flash The lightning flash comes before the bang by 6 seconds You can find the distance to the strike from the delay: each mile is about 5 seconds The booms are so loud that the shock wave goes nearly at the speed of light and they occur at the same time as the flash
At a certain speed on a bus, its whole body starts vibrating strongly.Explain.
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Do wind instruments warm up by becoming more sharp or flat? What about string instruments? Provide justification.