6) If two identical masses are attached by a light cord passing over a massless,frictionless pulley, but at different heights, and then released, thena. the motion will depend on the amount of the masses.b. the lower mass will go down.c. the masses will not move.d. the higher mass will go down.

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Answered: 6) If two identical masses are attached…

Physics for Scientists and Engineers: Foundations and Connections

1st Edition

ISBN:9781133939146

Author:Katz, Debora M.

Publisher:Katz, Debora M.

Chapter6: Applications Of Newton’s Laws Of Motion

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 57PQ: When a star dies, much of its mass may collapse into a single point known as a black hole. The...

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When a star dies, much of its mass may collapse into a single point known as a black hole. The gravitational force of a black hole on surrounding astronomical objects can be very great. Astronomers estimate the strength of this force by observing the orbits of such objects around a black hole. What is the gravitational force exerted by a black hole on a 1-solar-mass star whose orbit has a 1.4 1010 m radius and a period of 5.6 days?
The distinction between mass and weight was discovered after Jean Richer transported pendulum clocks from Paris, France, to Cayenne, French Guiana, in 1671. He found that they quite systematically ran slower in (Cayenne than in Paris. The effect was reversed when the clocks returned to Paris. How much weight would a 90.0 kg person lose in traveling from Paris, where g = 9.809 5 m/s2, to Cayenne, where g = 9.780 8 m/s2? (We will consider how the free-fall acceleration influences the period of a pendulum in Section 15.5.)
Two identical particles, each of mass 1 000 kg, are coasting in free space along the same path, one in front of the other by 20.0 m. At the instant their separation distance has this value, each particle has precisely the same velocity of 800 m/s. What are their precise velocities when they are 2.00 m apart? Figure P13 74
Figure P7.45 shows a picture of American astronaut Clay Anderson experiencing weightlessness on board the International Space Station. a. Most people have the misconception that a person in a spacecraft is weightless because he or she is no longer affected by gravity. Show that this premise cannot be true by computing the gravitational field of the Earth at an altitude of 200 km the typical altitude of a spacecraft in orbit. Compare this result with the gravitational field on the surface of the Earth. b. Why would astronauts in orbit experience weightlessness even if they are experiencing a gravitational field (and therefore a gravitational force)?
In Chapter 9, we will define the center of mass of an object and prove that its motion is described by the particle under constant acceleration model when constant forces act on the object. A gymnast jumps straight up, with her center of mass moving at 2.80 m/s as she leaves the ground. How high above this point is her center of mass (a) 0.100 s, (b) 0.200 s, (c) 0.300 s. and (d) 0.500 s thereafter?
Integrated Concepts Space debris left from old satellites and their launchers is becoming a hazard to other satellites. (a) Calculate the speed of a satellite in an orbit 900 km above Earth's surface. (b) Suppose a loose rivet is in an orbit of the same radius that intersects the satellite's orbit at an angle of 90° relative to Earth. What is the velocity of the rivet relative to the satellite just before striking it? (c) Given the rivet is 3.00 mm in size, how long will its collision with the satellite last? (d) If its mass is 0.500 g, what is the average force it exerts on the satellite? (e) How much energy in joules is generated by the collision? (The satellite's velocity does not change appreciably, because its mass is much greater than the rivet's.)
Construct Your Own Problem Consider an astronaut in deep space cut free from her space ship and needing to get back to it. The astronaut has a few packages that she can throw away to move herself toward the ship. Construct a problem in which you calculate the time it takes her to get back by throwing all the packages at one time compared to throwing them one at a time. Among the things to be considered are the masses involved, the force she can exert on the packages through some distance, and the distance to the ship.
The inner planets of our solar system are represented on a mobile constructed from drinking straws and light strings for aschool project (Fig. P14.22). The mass of the piece representingthe Earth is 25.0 g, and the mass of the straws can be ignored.(The lengths shown are not proportional to actual distances inthe solar system.) What is the mass of the piece representinga. Mars, b. Venus, and c. Mercury? FIGURE P14.22
Chris, a recent physics major, wanted to design and carry out an experiment to show that an objects mass determines its inertia. He used an ultrasound device to measure acceleration of a low-friction cart attached to a hanging block to provide the same force on the cart during each run (Fig. P6.76A). Chris varied the mass of the cart by varying the number of lead rods placed in it. Chris used Newtons second law Fx=FT=Max to predict his results. He reasoned that because FT is the same for each run, the carts acceleration should be inversely proportional to its mass: ax=FTM=constantM(1) Chriss goal was to show that his data fit Equation (1). He decided to analyze his results by plotting ax as a function of 1/M; Equation (1) predicted that he should get a straight line, passing through the origin with a slope equal to the tension (red line in Fig. P6.76B): Chris ran several trials for each run, averaged his results and estimated the error. He then plotted his data (green line in Fig. P6.76B). Chris was excited to see that he correctly predicted that the data fell along a straight line: ax=(0.27N)1M(0.048m/s2) According to the straight-line fit to the data, the slope of the line is 0.27 N, which was close to the weight of the hanging mass and therefore close to the tension in the string. Chris, though, was disappointed to see that the line had a negative intercept. Mathematically, as M, 1M0. Chris was confused because he believed that as the mass increased, the carts acceleration should approach zero. He was quite sure that he did not discover some new property of inertia or mass. After convincing himself that he was not being careless in the laboratory and that his data were correct, he started to search for an explanation for the discrepancy between his prediction and his data. Help Chris find an explanation. FIGURE P6.76 A. Chriss experimental apparatus. B. Chriss prediction (red line) and experimental results (green line).
According to the National Academy of Sciences, the Earths surface temperature has risen about 1F since 1900. There is evidence that this climate change may be due to human activity. The organizers of World Jump Day argue that if the Earth were in a slightly larger orbit, we could avoid global warming and climate change. They propose that we move the Earth into this new orbit by jumping. The idea is to get people in a particular time zone to jump together. The hope is to have 600 million people jump in a 24-hour period. Lets see if it will work. Consider the Earth and its inhabitants to make up the system. a. Estimate the number of people in your time zone. Assume they all decide to jump at the same time; estimate the total mass of the jumpers. b. What is the net external force on the Earthjumpers system? c. Assume the jumpers use high-tech Flybar pogo sticks (Fig. P8.32), which allow them to jump 6 ft. What is the displacement of the Earth as a result of their jump? d. What happens to the Earth when the jumpers land?
Two ocean liners, each with a mass of 40 000 metric tons, are moving on parallel courses 100 m apart. What is the magnitude of the acceleration of one of the liners toward the other due to their mutual gravitational attraction? Model the ships as particles.
A massive black hole is believed to exist at the center of our galaxy (and most other spiral galaxies). Since the 1990s, astronomers have been tracking the motions of several dozen stars in rapid motion around the center. Their motions give a clue to the size of this black hole. a. One of these stars is believed to be in an approximately circular orbit with a radius of about 1.50 103 AU and a period of approximately 30 yr. Use these numbers to determine the mass of the black hole around which this star is orbiting, b. What is the speed of this star, and how does it compare with the speed of the Earth in its orbit? How does it compare with the speed of light?

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