Determine whether each event occurs during initiation, elongation, or termination. Initiation Peptidyl transferase transfers the peptidyl group to water. In E. coli, EF-Tu hydrolyzes GTP. Elongation In E. coli, mRNA binds to the 30S ribosomal subunit. Answer Bank In prokaryotes, the Shine-Dalgarno sequence pairs with rRNA. In E. coli, EF-Tu delivers an aminoacyl-tRNA to the ribosome. Termination Translocation occurs. Initiator tRNA enters the P site.

Q: Which of the following is true for translation or protein synthesis in this cell? Select all that…

A: The translation is the process of synthesis of the polypeptide chain that can be taken place in…

Q: Considering prokaryotes, what is the enzyme that links the tRNA molecules to its correct or cognate…

A: Ans- tRNA molecules serves as the link between the amino acid form of proteins and the genetic code…

Q: Transcription is the first step in gene expression. It involves copying a gene's DNA sequence to…

A: Rho factor works by binding to the transcript and halts transcription by actually breaking hydrogen…

Q: In eukaryotic cells, secreted proteins are initially directed to the endoplasmic reticulum and then…

A: Introduction The secretory pathway refers to the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus and the…

Q: In the splicing of group I introns shown, does the 5′ end of the intron have a phosphate group?…

A: Introns are the inert elements in the DNA. They are otherwise said to be non coding regions of DNA…

Q: The covalent attachment of an amino acid to a tRNA is an endergonic reaction. In other words, it…

A: Introduction  In the protein translation process, the key role is played by the tRNA which…

Q: The following picture drawing represents co-translation in E. coli. Answer the questions below the…

A: The question is to analyse the picture and answer the questions accordingly. Let's move on to the…

Q: In bacterial genes, as soon as any partial mRNA transcript is produced by the RNA polymerase system,…

A:

Q: The tRNA molecule carries EIF2 and GTP and binds the small ribosomal subunit at the P site in the…

A: During the process of translation which is the synthesis of proteins from mRNA translation…

Q: Here is the sequence of a portion of a bacterial gene. The template strand is on the bottom: 5’-…

A: DNA and RNA are are nucleic acids present in the organisms. DNA is the deoxy ribose nucleic acid…

Q: Indicate which of the following items are associated with transcription or translation.  This could…

A:

Q: Explain post-translational modification of proteins in general with the types of reactions. Provide…

A: Ans:--PMT's are enzymatic , covalent chemical modification of protiens that typically occur ofter…

Q: Many uridine molecules are inserted into some mitochondrial mRNAs in trypanosomes. The uridine…

A: Trypanosomes are single-celled parasitic protozoa. This parasite causes sleeping sickness in humans.…

Q: The figure depicts what kind of splicing: A sequence change (asterisk) has abolished the acceptor…

A: Eukaryotic genomes possess a significant amount of cryptic splice sites.

Q: The following RNA sequence represents a small messenger which can be translated in a prokaryotic…

A: The first step in translating an RNA sequence into a protein is to divide the sequence into codons,…

Q: Which statement is false: A) Each type of protein ( ex: hemoglobin vs trypsionngen) varies in the…

A: Gene is a sequence of nucleotides that encode a particular protein. The transcription and…

Q: In bacteria, researchers have isolated strains that carry mutations within tRNA genes. These…

A: Codon is located on mRNA while anticodon is on tRNA. Anticodons specifically identifies and pair to…

Q: Which of the following statements describes the function of the sigma factor in prokaryotic…

A: Transcription in prokaryotes: It is the process of production of RNA by using DNA as template. In…

Q: Please describe the four-step process of the elongation during protein translation in bacteria.

A: Translation is  the process of formation of proteins from mRNA with the help of ribosomes in the…

Q: Which statement about nonsense mediated decay (NMD) is false? detects mRNAs containing premature…

A: "Since you have asked multiple questions, we will solve the first question for you. if you want any…

Q: Several experiments were conducted to obtain information about how the eukaryotic ribosome…

A: A ribosome is a biological unit made up of RNA and protein that functions as the cell's protein…

Q: EIF stands for eukaryotic initiation factors and they are part of the pre-initiation complex needed…

A: Protein synthesis is a vital process for cells to create proteins which are the building blocks for…

Q: How does a eukaryotic ribosome select its start codon? Describe the sequences in eukaryotic mRNAs…

A: The biological mechanism by which messenger RNA is translated into proteins in eukaryotes is known…

Q: Consider the following tRNAs, where the numbered forms represent the amino acids associated with…

A: Transcription is the process  in which mRNA (messenger RNA ) is made from DNA which further…

Q: Which term describes each of these steps or substeps in the translation process? The ribosome shifts…

A:

Q: Below is a diagram of charged tRNAs in the active site of the ribosome during translation of the…

A: Translation is the process of synthesis of protein. It takes place in the cytoplasm.

Q: 5' cap amino acid aminoacyl tRNA synthetase anticodon codon EF-Tu-GTP EF-Ts eukaryote Kozak…

A: Three process combined together to form a central dogma that is replication where copy of genetic…

Q: Order the following choices to indicate the sequence of steps in the process of elongation of a…

A: The following are necessary for prokaryote polypeptide synthesis to begin: mRNA, the 30S ribosome…

Q: e nucleotide sequence of this anticodon loop under tant tRNA will, a) Recognize GCC as the codon for…

A: tRNA refers to transfer RNA. It helps in decoding an mRNA sequence into a protein. Three nucleotides…

Q: Splice sites on mRNAs are located with the help of all of the following EXCEPT:   Question 9…

A: Introns are cut off at splice sites along a pre-mRNA sequence, and exons are connected at these…

Q: The following fictitious double-stranded bacterial DNA sequence codes for a fictitious prot Both…

A: As per the guidelines, this is a question with multi-subparts, we will solve the first three…

Q: Describe the prokaryotic translation initiation shown in the diagram. Define the convention of…

A: In bacteria initiation factor are required .Initiation factor 3(IF3) prevents 30S subunit binding to…

Q: The synthesis of a protein requires that the amino acids that constitute the growing polypeptide…

A: In the intricate dance of cellular processes, protein synthesis takes center stage, orchestrating…

Q: Compare prokaryotic and eukaryotic translation initiation with respect todelivering an initiator…

A: A cell is the basic structural and functional key of life. A cell has multiple organelles that carry…

Q: Identify whether each of the following descriptions applies to typical prokaryotic genomes only,…

A: In these questions, we will learn about different things in cells, like their DNA (the instructions…

Gene Interactions

When the expression of a single trait is influenced by two or more different non-allelic genes, it is termed as genetic interaction. According to Mendel's law of inheritance, each gene functions in its own way and does not depend on the function of another gene, i.e., a single gene controls each of seven characteristics considered, but the complex contribution of many different genes determine many traits of an organism.

Gene Expression

Gene expression is a process by which the instructions present in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) are converted into useful molecules such as proteins, and functional messenger ribonucleic (mRNA) molecules in the case of non-protein-coding genes.