Describe the major evolutionary advancements that took place among the australapiths and the early Homo species (e.g. Homo habilis & Homo erectus). In other words, what did modern humans gain from the australeiths and the early Homo? (Include the evolution of bipedalism, diet/fallback foods, body structure, tools, etc.)

Describe the major evolutionary advancements that took place among the australapiths and the early Homo species (e.g. Homo habilis & Homo erectus). In other words, what did modern humans gain from the australeiths and the early Homo? (Include the evolution of bipedalism, diet/fallback foods, body structure, tools, etc.)

Biology Today and Tomorrow without Physiology (MindTap Course List)

5th Edition

ISBN:9781305117396

Author:Cecie Starr, Christine Evers, Lisa Starr

Publisher:Cecie Starr, Christine Evers, Lisa Starr

Chapter15: Animal Evolution

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 13SQ

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Paleoanthropologists generally agree that Homo erectus belongs in our genus and represents a significant shift towards adaptations important to our own species. However, there is much variation among specimens that are grouped into H. erectus. Your instructor will let you know which of these fossil representatives to use for the exercise today.Based on your measurements and comparisons in the table above, what are major differences among Au. africanus, H. habilis, and H. erectus? Do you think H. habilis is more like Australopithecus or Homo? How do these three species reflect the major environmental pressures of the time periods in which they lived, respectively? List three features that are changing in the genus Homo due to these selective pressures. List three features found in H. erectus that are derived, compared to Au. africanus.
There is no concrete evidence of which early hominin was our direct ancestor, as fossils do not contain genetics. Overall, the Australopithecines are the "missing link" bridging our ape to human transition. Each species, and there are a few, includes a combination of traits considered more ape-like or more human-like. How does this affect society feelings/views/ideas about early human evolution and what the "missing link" should or should not be.
In studying recent fossils of the genus Homo, such as Cro-Magnon,biologists have determined that modern humans have not undergonemuch biological evolution in the past 50,000 years. Rather, culturalanthropologists argue that cultural evolution has been far moreimportant than biological evolution in the recent history of modernhumans. What do they mean by this? Support your argument withsome examples.
Describe some of the key characteristics of Homo habilis - the first species in our genus "homo". What traits set this species apart from earlier hominins? e.g. Brain size? What kind of tools did they make? when did they live? diet? etc. Include a personal reflection on what stood out to you about Homo habilis.
If the genus Australopithecus is considered an outgroup, what are THREE shared derived characters of the genus Homo? Include at least one behavioural character in your list. Explain what makes the characters you've selected shared derived characters. (detailed paragraph format explanation ) max 500 words
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list TWO similarities between early members of the genus Homo (e.g. H. habilis) and Homo erectus/ergaster that earlier hominins (e.g. gracile Australopithecines) do not have?
Homo neanderthalensis, Australopithecus afarensis, Homo habilis, and Homo erectus. According to fossil records and discoveries, how do these human species vary?
Neanderthal fossils were first discovered in the nineteenth century. Study of their morphology suggested that Neanderthals were more closely related to humans than any living species of primate was. Much later, it became possible to sequence DNA from Neanderthal fossils and compare the sequences to those from other primates. Did the results confirm or refute the earlier conclusions based on morphology? Explain.
Ardi (Ardipithecus ramidus) lived 4.4 million years ago, close to the time that our lineage diverged from chimpanzees suggesting that Ardi might be more similar to the last common ancestor than extant chimpanzees or humans. Ardi has small teeth like ours, indicative of a generalized diet. So small teeth are older than larger teeth of extant chimpanzees! Ardi also had limbs shaped more like ours than chimpanzees’. Ardi’s skull also shares other features with ours – for example, it is relatively narrow. The hypothesis we tested assumed that the hominin ancestor resembled chimpanzees, and the assumption was quite common among paleoanthropologists until recently (Lovejoy, 2009). Considering both these data about Ardi and the data that you took, revise your hypothesis. (1 point) Explain chimpanzee skull and/or skeletal development, in terms of regulatory genes (specifically, timing), in light of your new hypothesis. (0.5 points) Explain Homo sapiens skull and/or skeletal…
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